ie 

NATURAL ORDERS 107 
The stamens are 10, with the filaments free. : 
The gynwciwm, as invariably in the Leguminosze, consists of - 
one carpel. | : 
Distribution his is a very large 
and Uses. and widely  distri- 
buted Order; there are about 
7,000 species belonging to it. 
The Mimosew and the Cwsal. 
_ pinee are almost entirely con- 
‘med to tropical or sub-tropical ~ 25 ey 
regions, and although many of fic. 82—Megpian VERTICAL 
iliona x AS-TREE. 
the Papilionacee belong to the — SECTION oF Jupas 
: s, standard ; a, wings; ¢, keel. 

temperate zone, a very large 
number form the forests of the tropics. The various forms 
of the leaf—which, as we have seen, is an important organ 
from the point of view of distribution—the variety in the 
fruit, and facilities in its dispersion, may partly account for 
this. 3 
No Order contains more plants useful to man. From some 
Species medicines—namely, senna, quinine, liquorice —are 
derived; others yield dyes, such as logwood and indigo ; 
many others furnish valuable timber; whilst the peas, beans, 
lentils, of temperate climates are too well known to need 
description. 
ROSACEZ.. 
The following Sub-Orders are arranged according to the 
form of the receptacle and fruit : 
1. Rosew.—The receptacle is concave and persistent round 
the fruits, which consist of an indefinite number of achenes 
- —¢.9., Dog-rose (“ Elementary Botany,” p. 85). 
2. Spirwew.—The receptacle is flat, the fruits are follicles, 
from 5 to 10 in number—e.g., Meadow-sweet and Dropwort. 
3. Prunee.—The receptacle is cup-shaped, and drops off, 
leaving a single carpel, which develops into a drupe—e.g., 
Plum, Cherry, Blackthorn (“Elementary Botany,” p. 84). 
4. Poteriew.—The receptacle is concave and dry, persisting 

