
NATURAL ORDERS 169 
= joined up to the receptacle, which becomes succulent. The 
fruits may be hard and stony as in the Cotoneaster and — 
_ Hawthorn, or they may have only a thin wall, as in the 
Apple, Quince, Pear (“ Hlementary Botany,” Figs. 84, 85, 116). 
Pollination Lhe pollination of the Rosacez is interesting. 
_ of the Order. Many species—as, for instance, the Wild Rose, 
Agrimony, Meadowsweet have no honey, but are, nevertheless, 
visited by insects, such as flies and bees, for the sake of the 
pollen. When honey is present it is secreted by the inner 
wall of the receptacle. In those species visited by insects 
cross-pollination is often insured by the gynecium developing 
first, as in the Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Pear, Apple, Mountain 
Ash. In some eases the flowers come out before the leaves, 
and are therefore very conspicuous. The colour of the flowers 
varies from yellow to red, but throughout the whole Order 
there is not a single blue or violet flower, though one or two 
species which are visited ‘by carrion flies are purple. As a 
- rule those visited by short-lipped insects are greenish, yellow, 
or white ; those adapted for visits by long-tongued insects are 
in part red; those visited for the sake of the pollen have 
white flowers if the insect visitors are small, whilst those 
visited by bees are red. 
Affinity The Rosacee and the Leguminose approach 
Sete each other through the Sub-Orders, the Prune 
with the and the Mimosex. The single carpel of the 
Leguminose. Prunew is a feature in common with the Legu- 
minos, which never have more than one carpel; at the same 
time, it must be remembered that the fruit of Prunus is a 
drupe, whilst that of the Leguminose is usually a legume. 
The stamens of the Mimosex are, as those of the Rosacee, 
indefinite. 7 
The habit of the Rosacee is very varied. In 
many cases the shrubby undergrowth of woods is 
composed of rosaceous plants, such as Brambles, Raspberry 
bushes, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Rowan or Mountain Ash. 
Some species are xerophilous in character, and are found on 
mountains or high moors—for instance, Mountain Avens and 
Ecology. 
