
NATURAL ORDERS — 115 
though others place it in an Order by itself. It is found in 
damp woods or damp hedges, and flowers early in spring. 
The flowers are pale green, in globular heads, generally 5 
together (Plate VIL, Fig. 95). 
- The number of floral leaves varies ; in the terminal flower 
of each head there are often 2 divisions to the calyx, 4 to 
the corolla, and 8 stamens; whilst in the lateral flowers the 
calyx is 3-lobed, the corolla is 5-lobed, and there are 10 
stamens. 
Character 1+ With the oe of Adoxa and Linnea, 
istics of the the plants are shrubs or trees. 
heal 2. The leaves are opposite and usually ex- 
stipulate. 
3. The number of floral — is 5, except the carpels, 
which may be 2 or 3. 
4. The flower is epigynous, the ovary being inferior. 
This is a small Order, containing only about 
| 230 species, belonging chiefly to the northern 
hemisphere. In this country most of the plants are found in 
hedges, or are under-shrubs, forming “secondary ” species of 
woods (p. 7). 
Distribution. 
. COMPOSITZ. 
The Composite include two chief Sub-Orders, the Tubuli- 
Jlorw and the Ligulatw. All the types considered here belong 
to the former group; the Ligulate have been sufficiently 
_ given in the “Elementary Botany;” p. 89. 
The inflorescence of the Sunflower consists of 
ray florets and disc florets ; the former are yellow 
and very conspicuous, the latter are brown and very numerous. 
In looking at an inflorescence, it will be noted that the outer- 
most disc florets develop before the inner ones. The receptacle 
on which all the florets are situated is seen to be slightly con- 
vex when all the florets have been a the involucre is 
composed of 3 series of bracts. 
The ray florets are situated in the axil of a large bract ; the 
calyx is represented by one to five minute teeth; the corolla 
consists of 5 petals, completely united, not even toothed, as 
9 
Sunflower. 

