FOREST AND STREAM. 










A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
DEVOTED TO FieLD AND AQUATIC SpoRTS, PRACTICAL NATURAL History, 
Fish CULTURE, THE PROTECTION OF GAME, PRESRYATION OF ForEsTs, 
AND THE INCULCATION IN MEN AND WOMEN OF A HEALTHY INTERFST 
IN OUT-DOOR RECREATION AND STUDY: 
PUBLISHED BY 
Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 
; —— AT. 
103 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 

eee 
Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 
chee RAL» 
A discount of twenty percent. for five copies and upwards. Any person 
sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 
Hallock’s “ Fisive TouristT,”’ postage free. 
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NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPT. 4, 1873. 



To Correspondents. 
——— ee 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to Tur Forest AND STREAM Pus- 
LISHING CoMPANY, Personal letters only, to the Manager. 
All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 
Ladies are especially invited to use our columns, which will be pre- 
pared withgareful reference to their perusal and instruction. 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to fayor us with brief 
notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 
to become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other; and they will 
find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of ForEsT AND STREAM aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 
fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 
vend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 
ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 
terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 
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This paper sent giatuitously to all contributors. 
Advertisements should be cent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES HALLOCK, 
Managing Editor. 
a 
Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 
pete 4 Soe 
Fripay, September Sth.—Washington Park Association, Washington 
N. Y.—Macomb Association, Macomb, Illinois. 
Saturpay, September 6th.—Toronto Regatta, Canada.—Boating Clubs, 
foot of 133d street, E. R.—Macomb Association, Macomb, Illinois.—Rifle 
practice at Creedmoor, 
Mownpay, September 8th.—Riverside Rowing Club Regatta, Rochester, 
N. Y.—Kentucky Association. Lexington, Ky.—Jersey City Cricket Club, 
Elm Park, Staten Island. 
Turspay, September 9th.—Kentucky Association, Lexington, Ky.— 
Prospect Park Meeting, Brooklyn, N. Y.—Cricket at the Hoboken grounds 
—St. George vs. United, St. Louis—Plainville Park Association, Hart- 
ford Co., Conn.—Point Breeze Park, Philadeiphia.—Dole and Henry single 
scull race, Portland Harbor, Me. 
WEDNESDAY, September 10th.—Cricket St. George's vs. United St. 
Louis Eleyen.—Plainville Park Association, Hartford Co., Conn.—Point 
Breeze Park, Philadelphia.—Kentucky Association, Lexington, Ky. 
THURSDAY, September J1th.—Prospect Park Meeting.—Saratoga Row- 
ing Association, Saratoga, New York.—Wellsboro Driving Park, Wells- 
boro, Pa.—Plainville Park Association, Hartford, Co., Conn.—Society of 
Agriculture and Horticulture, White Plains, Westchester Co., N. Y.— 
Point Breeze Park, Phila.—Kentucky Association, Lexington, Ky. 



POOL SELLING AT SPRINGFIELD. 
a 
HE Springfield Union declares that the gambling and 
pool selling at the late Hamden Park trotting 
races was of the most scandalous character. It declares 
that ‘“‘the great races of the past week have been but an 
unimportant appendage—a throw of the dice as it were— 
of animmense gambling machine, by which men have been 
robbed of tens, yes, hundreds of thousands of dollars.” 
For this outrage the Union further says the Park Association 
is responsible. It argues that if pool selling bea necessity 
of trotting matches, andif they cannot exist without them, 
better abolish the races entirely. 
We endorse freely the sentiment expressed by the Spring- 
field Union, which is, that if we cannot have a modicum of 
exhilirating sport without so large a proportion of evil 
mixed with it. we had better dispense with the former 
entirely. What a positive evilis this, that as soon as any 
association gives even an apparent countenance to pool- 
selling, instantly the higher class of people doubt the bona 
jide character of the race, 
The trouble in the United States, about all these racing 
matters arises from the fact, that the sporting man too of- 
tenruns faro banks and horses, and takes the percentage 
in his favor on trotting horses as he does when he manipu- 
lates roulette. The sooner an exact discrimination is made 
in regard to this subject the better. Sometime this ques 
tion will have to he decided, and the sooner the better, 


RULES FOR CROQUET. 
BOT Wie 
HAT there should be certain rules, and rigid ones, 
governing all games no one will deny. If they hap- 
pen to be complicated or arbitrary in character, they may re- 
flect on the interest of the game, and diminish the pleas- 
ure of the players, but nevertheless they must be held in- 
violate. Just as there are positive regulations governing the 
more masculine cricket or base-ball, so should there be a 
fixed set of rules for croquet, as absolute as, the laws 
which governed the Medes and Persians. If the Mary-le- 
Gone club bat must not exceed four and one-quarter inches 
in extreme breadth at Lord’s cricket ground in England, 
the same positive rule of size holds good in Hoboken. 
Why then should there be differences of rules between the 
game of croquet played in New York or San Francisco? 
We fancy after such a grave preamble on our part, many 
a fair reader will raise from croquet grounds her mallet and 
say ‘‘nonsense! It is not a game of rules, you cannot get 
women to play it so. Why there are half a dozen ways of 
playing croquet, as there is of waltzing. Even if you did 
go by the books it would be absurd you must allow, to go 
onthe ground with all these printed authorities in your 
pocket. In Boston they do things which are perfectly out- 
rageous; a Newport game is no game at all. In Baltimore 
they count the flat side strokes of the mallet. Of course, 
it makes no end of botheration, and you can’t imagine how 
cross the best natured girl can get over a false ball, or some- 
body humbugging you about a displaced ball, ominsisting 
that a ballis more than half way through an arch, when 
any measurement would show you that it wasnot. But 
what are you going to do about it.” 
It is just to meet such cases as these, that we would pro- 
pose one uniform code of laws for the better regulation of 
croquet. 
Without going back into the history of the game, we 
can give quite a good idea, how the rules of the game were 
first made in the United States. The earliest maker of 
croquet implements was in Springfield. In order to intro- 
duce the game a set of rules were made, taken partly we 
suppose from an English edition. Before it had been played 
a season, as the leading manufacturer of these goods has 
informed us, they found the book so deficient that they 
revised it thoroughly, and for the next two years publish- 
ed another and better code of rules. Inthe meantime, the 
game having taken with great rapidity, other manufacturers 
commenced supplying the market with their croquet games, 
and each one of them issued a separate and distinct set of 
rules. Hence all this confusion. Our Springfield friends, the 
pioneers in the game, seeing the hopelessness of the thing, 
proposed in vain that all makers should accept one set of 
rules. Buteach manufacturer thought his own rules the 
best, and interests clashed. At last the first manufacturers 
employed a number of experts to make rules for them, 
and the result was the book familiar to most of our readers 
as being the work of Prof. A. Rover, which has undoubt- 
edly been considered as good authority in the United States 
for the last six years. But yet it is our opinion, and we 
are upheld by a great many good players, ladies and gen- 
tlemen who do play by the rules, that croquet requires certain 
modifications ; but conservative themselves, they ask ‘‘ who 
shall be rash enough to dare and do it?” ‘What would 
be the use, even when done,” fhey ask, ‘‘ when now so few 
follow the rules laid down, when you can hardly find two 
croquet parties playing alike?” 
What is wanted then is one positive code, by which 
every game must be played. If the present set of rules are 
not what they should be, let there be held a Congress of play- 
ers to decide on what shall be the American game, or if 
the English rules be adopted, let them have their august 
sanction, The principal manufacturer inthe United States 
has written us an excellent letter on this very subject, and 
urges us if possible to use our endeavors to form just such 
a Congress of players, assuring us that he will abide by 
their decision, and only publish such rules as they may 
dictate, P 
a 
THE PRESERVATION OF OUR HORSES: 
CP PRve LE 
N the announcement of the Forest anp Srram we called 
attention to our rapidly diminishing forests, how our 
great interests were in jeopardy, and how in time, it would 
not be imposible to imagine that certain sections of the 
country, now abounding with streams, might even want 
drinking water at some not very remote period. Among 
the many topics of interest dwelt upon by the American 
Association, at Portland Maine, there was none of more 
practical interest than the important paper read before it, by 
Dr. F. B. Hough, on the preservation of our forests. 
That certain cosmical influences may exert their power 
and render barren lands which once were luxurious may be 
true, but such actions on the part of nature are vastly 
slower than the more direct action of man. It has taken 
only a period of 800 years to convert a large portion of 
Spain, when the Moors were driven out of it, and all their 
groves cut down, to turn some of the fairest of the Iberian 
plains into arid wildernesses. Itis not nature which is 
moving rapidly. Her grand changes are slowly effected. 
Time is given to us to withstand these modifications. Tt is 
man who makes these rapid alterations. A wooded country 
attains the moisture which falls on it, and time is given for 
the absorption of the water, and evaporation is not too 
rapid. Destroy the woods and we have the very reverse 
conditions. When one thinks that the question of the sup- 
ply of water for large cities is mainly dependent on this 
very subject, the preservation of our forests, we can appreci- 
ate what little legislative action has done in this direc- 
‘goric animals, 

tion. Cut down the Adirondack forests, and certainly the 
Hudson would diminish in bulk, and the feeding tributaries 
would become insignificant rills. In addition to water 
famine and aridity of soil, there isan element of positive 
danger in the stupid indiscriminate leveling of the woods. 
It is because the force of heavy rain-falls is diminished by 
trees, for the reason that the water is absorbed, and that 
the yolume of water traverses perpendicularly through the 
earth, and not laterally, that freshets are prevented. Have 
an arid, dry and parched soil—and the water when falling 
on it in quantity rolls from its surface, and comes down to 
the rivers in such bulk at times as to destroy all the’ works 
of man. Questions of this character are not limited to any 
particular section, but are worthy of consideration in every 
State and Territory in the Union. 
Of course the need of wood for the uses of civilized life 
is manifest, but there should be some system of manage- 
ment and control in cutting our timber. Dr. Hough thinks 
that a certain amount of direct legislative action should be 
called into play to prevent in some cases this wholesale 
destruction of our forests, and inZ other cases that a series 
of rewards be offered for the preservation of the growing 
timber. Healso urges strongly that forest culture should 
be taught as a science. The measures he proposes are as 
follows: 
1. By withholding from sale lands returning to its posses- 
sion from non-payment of taxes, 
2. By exempting from taxation for a limited period and 
by, offering bounties for lands planted and enclosed for the 
growth of forest-trees. 
3. By offering rewards for the largest number of trees 
planted in a year. 
4. By requiring railroad and turnpike companies to plant 
the sides of their roads with trees. 
5. By imposing a tree tax, payable by planting trees. 
6. By fixing penalties for the destruction of trees by the 
wayside, or in public or private grounds, 
6. By requiring the elements of forest culture to be taught 
in our public schools. - 

= a ih “as 
AN ANIMAL COME TO LIFE AGAIN, 
aan one 
Me of us are familiar with some of the facts in regard 
to a discovery made during this century, of a large 
extinct animal in the ice of Siberia. So perfect were the re- 
mains, in such an absolute state of preservation was the 
flesh, that dogs are said to have fed on it. If zoologists had 
with more or less accuracy determined about the period of 
the Hlephus primigenius, or of the Mastodon augustidens, by 
means of geological data, there was something anomalous 
in regard to the time of this particular animal. 
The fact of the flesh baving remained sweet, that the hair of 
the animal was in perfect preservation, though the animal was 
found in the ice, precluded, so they thought, that long period 
of an existance of thirty thousand years ago, which Lyell 
attributes to most mastodonic remains. ItZwas quite possi- 
ble, they imagined, that this Siberian animal might have he- 
longed to a much later race. Modern researches have 
changed very much former ideas in regard to these relics of 
past ages. Certain modifications in their teeth first noticed 
by Cuvier, conclusively showed that these animals did not 
always feed on such plants as were alone the produets of 
a tropical climate, and the presence of hair on this Siberian 
animal rather indicated that the special animal had been 
designed to live in a cooler temperature. =, The discovery, too, 
of stone implements in strata below the remains of masto- 
dons, pointed to the fact, that these huge animals must 
have been coeval with man, 
What amount of truth then there may be in a statement 
of the discovery of living animals of huge size in Siberia, 
we are not yet able to determine. The story, however, runs 
as follows: A Russiaw convict declares‘to have discovered live 
mammoths in the mountains near the Lena River in Siberia. 
They were twelve feet in height, eighteen feet long and had 
projecting tusks. The man’s description seems to tally 
in many minor details with the remains found in such quan- 
tity in Siberia, whose tusks alone furnish to-day an impor- 
tant branch of commerce. 
European zoologists seem to be much excited over the 
question of this discovery, and arguments are numerous for 
and against the probable existence of a novel living species 
of the Pachydermatous Proboscidian family, 
One argument used by those who "place some faith in the 
possible existance of the Siberian animal, is founded on the 
‘fact of their doubting the preservative powers of the ice, 
and of its being able to keep any creature in a perfect con- 
dition for any very great length of time. One of our most 
valued contributors, in discussing this subject, informs us 
that when he was a boy in Switzerland, he was cognizant 
of the fact, that the body of a French soldier, who had met 
his death by falling into a crevasse of an Alpine glacier, 
during the period of the Napoleonic wars, was thrown out 
by the glacier, fourteen years after, in an absolutely perfect 
state of preservation. There is therefore, he states, no good 
reason to suppose why the Siberian Mastodon before alluded 
to, should not have been frozen and kept perfect for un- 
told thousands of years. : 
The stories of novel animals, strange birds, and curious 
fishes, should always be taken ‘with a certain amount of 
caution. The Pheenix and the Salamander may still for what 
we know be sought after. The Japanese are much inclined 
even to-day to assume the privilege of having phantasma- 
“We have in our country far inland a 
horse with wings,” one of them said to an American gen- 
tleman. ‘Twill give you twenty thousand dollars for a 
live one,” was the reply. Need we add that our country- 
man still waits for his Japanese Pegasus, 
