58 
FOREST AND STREAM. | 



Woodkind, Zuwn and Garden. 
HEDGES AND THEIR USES. 


No. II.—Tur Hemuocn, (Abies Canadensis), 
eas te Uves 
S Most beautiful 
Of forest trees—the lady of the woods!” 
The Hemlock is one of the most beautiful of all the 
strictly coniferous evergreens, though much dissimilar in 
its growth and outline, both of foliage and appearance. 
We speak of it in this Article IIT of our series, not ex- 
actly in its routine place, but because we believe it to be 
one of the best of standard evergreens, well adapted to 
use as a hedge plant. We shall speak of all the plants and 
sub-evergreens, together with all the spruces and the pines 
as hedge plants in their order and value for the varied 
uses to which they already have, and may yet be put as 
ornamental, or for practical use as screens or hedges. 
In this article we confine ourselves to the hemlock as a 
plant well adapted for hedges, both dense, strong and or- 
namental. The principal branches of the hemlock being 
small and short with quite slender terminations, in which 
it differs very materially from all other spruces, make it 
as well adapted for the low close clipped ornamental sepa- 
ration wall or line between garden and lawn, as perhaps 
any other plant except the privet. This plant will bear 
the clipping shears as well as any plant we are familiar 
with, and we have thought the hemlock rather liked 
being pruned a little. The leaves of the hemlock being 
of alight green upon their upper surface, and of a Silvery 
white beneath, are peculiarly arranged in a row on each 
side of the stem or branchlets. The spangled glitter of 
the foliage of a full grown hemlock standing alone upon 
the lawn—O, how very beautiful it is! 
Have you ever seen such a sight, reader? If not, your 
eye will be gladdened when first you behold such a vision. 
This spangled glitter is much enhanced by a slight and 
tremulous motion of the terminal sprays in the hemlock, 
seen on every occasion, even when there is no wind stirring 
apparently. The hemlock seems endowed with a life of its 
own; tremulous, sparkling. Asa hedge plant, some natu- 
ral defects of the hemlock, as seen in the deep woods, per- 
tain not to its new situation. We speak of the hemlock 
plant as a hedge plant, and not the hemlock as a forest or 
alawn tree, glorious, grand, and soul-stirring as are all 
its memories. We are discussing a very prosaical subject, 
and must clip the wings of our fancy, however delight- 
fulit might be to us to roam beneath these old giant hem- 
locks of the forest.* 
When we propose to use the plant ‘of the hemlock for the 
hedge, and a most appropriate, and tenacious, and Yong- 
lived plant it is, we find if in a measure, ready made to our 
hand. We find it much less formed in shape than other 
conifers, we can begin our work upon it soon after it is set 
in the hedge row. When the hemlock plant is in its natu- 
ral perfection, it isas much of a tree to a certain extent, 
at one and two feet in height as at forty feet, fully devel. 
oped. We suppose it to have grown in an isolated position, 
so much so as to have given it room for development, and 
no other plant than a perfect one should ever be al- 
lowed a place in your hemlock hedge. Now if you wish 
for a really good, lasting and beautiful hedge, it is within 
easy reach. Whenno accident has happened to your plant 
to mar its beauty and symmetry, it presents a fine tapering 
form, with compact branches, without stiffness, and should 
present a massy glittering foliage, full of greenness and 
life. Such are the plants we recommend to you for your 
hedge. You can find such in every well appointed nur- 
sery; but a word in your ear if you are a lover of good 
looking hedges, and do not know much about how to make 
them. If you cannot select your plants yourself, employ 
some good landscape gardener to select them for you, and 
if you have to pay him for so doing you will find it money 
in your pocket. At any rate if you cannot secure the ser- 
vices of a good judge of plants, go and do the best you 
can yourself, rather than trust to the judgment andmselec- 
tion of any nurseryman you do not know, however high 
his reputation for integrity may stand. + 
You can plant your hedge upon almost any soil; if you 
only give the roots a good fair show you will have a most 
beautiful and firmly set hedge in three years after setting 
your plants. In setting your hedge proceed much as you 
would do with arbor vite; the instruction for the arbor 
vitee and Norway spruce will hold good with regard to the 
hemlock. Anything that is worth doing at all, in the 
. lawn or garden, or in fact I should say, any where, ¢s worth 
doing wall. The trench for your plant row should first be 
lined by driving two good strong posts say two feet apart 
and parallel with each other the length you design for the 
hedge, from which you stretch your garden line. This 
gives you your outline. Now dig your trench two feet 
in depth, and it will be two feet wide. Now fill up one foot 
or more with good soil, more or less deep as are your plants 
in size; large rooted plants requiring more depih than 
small sized plants; choosea damp day for removing your 
jlants (which should be from one to two or two feet and 


*In the deep wood the hemlock shows some very important defects; 
but as these do not’come within the scope of our articles on hedges, we 
merely notice the same. Ata fitting time, a proper place and in an ap- 
propriate article, we may speak of the hemlock as a tree. 
+In our remarks concerning hurserymen, we do not mean those high- 
minded. honorable men; who have a character, and a reputation, pro- 
verbially well known. Wedo mean that we have never in our lives suf- 
fered a greater swindle than we have in patronizing itinerating agents 
for certain hurserymen, who may or may not have an existence except on 
paper, andin their colored catalogues They are the Mr. Squeers we 
mean; and for their especial benefit we have ‘“a long rod in pickle.” 



one-half in height) from the nursery, and do not shake any 
more of the soil from the roots than you can help, nor ex- 
pose the roots for any length of time to the sun. Hemlock 
plants are quite impatient of sunlight, especially the young 
plants from the nursery. We always prefer to set plants from 
the nursery when we can obtain them, although good 
plants from the fields can be made to live and thrive well 
in the hedge row, provided you know how to treat them. 
This beautiful plant will delight your eyes and cheer 
your heart, if you only use it well, as much in the grace- 
ful curving line of beauty, as expressed in the well trim- 
med hedge, as in its wild haunts, by the side of some steep 
mountain, or on the dark wooded banks of some deep 
valley. It is when a tree, grand and picturesque; as a 
hedge, delightfully green and undulating, ever changing 
from light to green— 
““—— See the beautiful hemlock fling 
Its shade on the grass beneath— 
Its glossy leaf, and its silvery stem; 
Dost thon not love to look on them?” 
“When the atmosphere was quite clear again the chef 
handed two silver side dishes to the maids and Mr. Buck- 
master proceeded with his instructions. ‘Pour some of the 
sauce into the dish, and spread it about ; then put in some 
macaroni, and pour some more sauce over it. hen, when 
you have done that, sprinkle some Parmesan cheese upon 
it. If you can’t get Parmesan cheese take any cheese that 
you can get. But Parmesan is considered the best for the 
purpose. When you have sprinkled the light layer of 
cheese, add more macaroni, then more sauce, and on the 
top of all more cheese.’ As each of these directions fell 
from his lips, the two maids carried them out, and when 
they came to the last sprinkling of grated cheese each dish 
was neatly filled. The chef brought his salamander from 
the fire to a stand he had placed ready for it on one of. the 
stoves, and as Mr. Buickmaster read out, ‘Now brown with 
a salamander,’ both dishes were successively applied to the 
glowing iron. Directly a full lemon colored tint had been 
opened: they were withdrawn, and placed upon the hot 
plates. 
“““Now we will serve the rest of the macaroni with to- 
mato sauce,’ the lecturer resumed. ‘Take a six-penny bot- 
tle of tomato sauce,’ he began—and the attentive audience 
observed a red bottle had appeared on each stove as if by 
magic—‘and empty the contents into your sauce. Stir it ;’ 
and the wooden spoons went slowly to work again; ‘then 
pour some of your sauce into your dish ; and two more 
silver dishes were produced, and two spoonfuls of the red 
sauce spread about in them; ‘place in some of your maca- 
roni ;’ and in went half the remainder ; ‘cover it with sauce ;’ 
the little black pans were lifted and tilted once more with 
care, 80 as to prevent a sudden descent of the bunch of 
herbs and lobe of garlic, and so macaroni with tomato 
sauce was made.” 
Athletic lastimes. 
The United St. Louis eleven will most probably arrive in 
this city on the evening of the 8th September, resting over 
night in this city, and commence their match with the St. 
George’s on the morning of the 9th September, at their 
grounds in Hoboken. This will be one of the most inter- 
esting matches that has taken place for several years in this 
city, as we understand St. Louis gentlemen have a strong 
eleven. 
























































Do you prefer your plants from the woods, it is safe to 
take them with a frozen ball of earth attached to them,* but 
this requires much care and time, and unless the plan is 
considered feasible in a high degree, we would not recom- 
mend it. : 
Some of our friends hold the opinion that ‘the making 
of a good hemlock hedge is a mighty uncertain thing.” 
We differ from them, as in all our experience with the hem- 
lock asa hedge plant we have had uncommon success, or 
uncommon good luck on our side. We choose rather to 
believe that in a knowledge of what we were doing, much 
more than ‘‘ good luck or chance” lies the two elements of 
successt. 
Lastly the hemlock is a long-lived plant, and insects, 
worms, bugs or vermin do not like to make their house on 
it. Always looking well, it will we believe be used quite 
extensively as it issure to make the most favorable impres- 
sion upon all who use it well and not abuse it, by neglect 
of culture and good trimming. 


Oxrpop Quin. 

*We have seen hemlock plants removed in December, when they 
were favorably prepared for this removal by having a small trench digged 
around them, and the plants left until frozen, with perfect success, and 
no loss of life. 
tNot farfrom the city of Boston there is to be seen a most beautiful 
specimen of hemlock hedge three feet at the base, and three in height, a 
perfect rounded cone, lasting, protective, and beantiful in winter as in 
summer. 
The St. George’s cricket club will present Mr. Cashman 
of their club, one of ‘‘Cobbett’s” best cane handle bats, 
with a silver plate on the back, for his splendidly handsome 
score of eighty-one runs, in the late match with the Boston 

0p 
A LECTURE ON MACARONI. club. 
Tes The St. George’s eleven, of this city, played two interest- 
ing matches at East Cambridge, near Boston, on Friday, 
August 29, St. George’s 2s, Boston, and Saturday, August 
30, Waltham vs. St. George. They were most handsomely 
entertained by the clubs; the weather was beautiful, but 
the ground only middling for a good wicket. The St. 
George's won the toss, and put in their opponents. The 
fielding and batting of the St. Georges was excellent. The 
Boston’s first wicket fell for 38 runs, Carpenter making 20 
by slashing play, and McKenzie 14. The next nine wickets 
only brought in 24 runs. Haigh was wicket keeper for the 
Bostons; itis generally conceded that he is the best in the 
United States. The St. George’s now went to the wicket 
and put in Cashman and Harcomb, the former making a 
splendid innings of 81 runs, but should have been stumped 
when he had made only 8; Harcomb making his double 
figures 27. Bowman now took the bat in the most critical 
part of the game, and with careful play added 25 runs to 
the score. St. George’s won the game in the first innings. 
Score, 154; Bostons, total score, 97. 
Cashman, of the St. George, made the largest score, 81, 
consisting of eight 38, thirteen 2s, and singles. Bowman 
made two 3s, five 2s, and singles. Iemman’s score for 6 
was on one hit out of the ground into a neighboring field— 
‘lost ball.” The bowling of Jones and Smith was good, 
Jones bowling in the first inning an average of 48 balls, 14 
rnns, 4 maidens, and 2 wickets; Smith, 91 balls, 26 runs, 
4 maidens and 5 wickets. In the second inning Smith 
bowled 54 balls, 21 runs, 1 maiden, and 4 wickets; Jones 
48 balls, 7 runs, 4 maidens, and 3 wickets. The following 
is the score: 
ET us impart all useful information in a scientific way. 
We therefore, for the benefit of our lady readers, re- 
produce from Chambers’ Journal the perfect method + of 
cooking macaroni, from notes taken on the‘‘The course of 
International Cookery :”— 
“The chief feature of the lesson was the preparation of 
macaroni in two ways, first with butter and cheese, and 
then with tomato sauce. Two stew pans were placed on 
the stove, half full of boiling water. Ready at hand lay 
two bundles of long sticks of macaroni and & miniature 
bouquet of herbs, and on each of the milk-white tables 
were two plates, one holding pats of gold-colored butter 
and the other a pile of pale Parmesan cheese, grated. 
Mr. Buckmaster first described the manufacture of maca- 
roni from the Italian corn, and shewed’ specimens of every 
kind of it, in round pipes of various thickness, flat like 
ribbons, and stamped out in stars, crescents, crosses, and 
other dévices, as well as a little sheaf the corn. He dwelt, 
too, upon the talismanic effect of good cookery in produc- 
ing and maintaining health, and in retaining a husband’s 
affections ; and then hé proceeded to explain the applica- 
tion of good cookery to the pasta before him, ‘Break your 
macaroni in pieces, and place it in boiling water,’ he di- 
rected, looking at the plump and pale kitchen maids. They 
accordingly took up their bundles, and with two touches 
broke the sticks into lengths of about six inches ; then they 
took the lids off the stew pans and put inthe tubes. It 
was to be boiled for twenty minutes, he explained, and 
then, if found tender, reduced from boiling point by pour- 
ing cold water upon it. It was a matter of some import- 
ance to ascertain the exact moment when it became quite 
cooked, he continued, because if it should boil longer than 
was necessary it would begin to deteriorate. Whilst the 
twenty minutes were passing the sauce was to be made. 
‘Put a pat of butter in a saucepan,’ he directed again, and 
straightway there appeared on each gas stove a small black 
saucepan ; and both maids turned to their plates of batter 
and selected a pat. ‘Stir it gently over the fire with a 
wooden spoon,’ was the next command ; and two white 
wooden spoons were forthcoming, and. both maids began 
to pass them slowly round and round in the pans. ‘Adda 
little flour,’ he continued ; and there appeared upon the 
stoves two metal flour boxes, which were put out of sight 
again the moment the necessary quantity was taken from 
them, ‘Continue stirring, and “add a bunch of herbs and 
one lobe of a garlic ;’ and as these orders were given they 
were likewise promptly obeyed. ‘One lobe of garlic only,’ 
repeated Mr. Buckmaster, ‘because if more is used the fla- 
vor will be too strong. I need scarcely, perhaps, remind 
you of the story of the cook,’ he went on, ‘who, when he 
wanted a flavor of garlic, only touched his dish with it, 
and when he considered this’ contact likely to give too 
strong a taste, contented himself with tossing the bulb from 
one side of the kitchen to the other. Garlic is a most valu- 
able source of flavor, but we are prejudiced against it in this 
country because, when used, we are over-dosed with it,’ 
Enlivened with anecdotes and advice of similar effect and 
character, the twenty minutes passed away. 
“ ‘See if the macaroni is ready,’ he said to the two maids, 
to whom the continuous stirring had begun to give height- 
ened complexions. About this time the chef occupied 
himself with scraping a salamander and putting it into one 
of the kitchen fires in the background, to get red hot. And 
two waiters, in conventional full dress, with dinner-napkins 
over their arms, now entered, and stood still and silent till 
their services were required to hand the plates of macaroni 
to the company. : 
St. Geore@n. 
Cashman ¢, Farley, b. Qarpenter...............c0.ceceecsseec..e. 
Harcomb sb. Barron es-aeenr sae nn eee 

BOSTONS, 
First Inning. 
McKenzie c. Lemman, b. Cash- a 

absent... 1.1.0... 

Saturday, August 30th. 
return match with the St. George’s, of this city. There 
was a much larger gathering than on the previous day, not- 
withstanding that the Boston and Athletic Base-ball Clubs 
The Waltham’s played their 

