So, 


good reason that the famous Garwm, or salt fish sauce of 
the ancients, was this preparation. 
Rondebet the ichthyologist, prepared garum by macerating 
anchovies in oil and vinegar, spiced and seasoned, with 
chopped parsley added, over a slow fire. 
The great Dictionnaire des Peches, recently published, adds 
nothing to the facts we have gleaned and put together, but 
the subject may be again noticed in these columns, as the 
anchovy abounds on our coasts, and their capture may be 
undertaken as a remunerative industry. 
J. Carson BREVOORT. 
tte 
‘COLLECTIVE INSECTS. 
in 
: HE writer of one ofthe books on Indian sport relates 
how he -sawa herd of antelopes driven backwards 
‘and forwards by four wolves, which surrounded the herd, 
each guarding a different side, until at length the antelopes 
passed over a ditch -in which a fifth wolf lay concealed. 
This wolf, jumping up as the antelopes crossed, secured 
one of them, upon which his four companions joined him, 
and assisted in making a meal of the captured animal. 
_ A friend in India told me that he witnessed a very similar 
‘occurrence in Ouda. He saw two wolves standing together, 
and shortly after noticing them was surprised to see one of 
tiem lie down in a ditch, and the other walk away over the 
open plain. He watched the latter, which deliberately went 
to the far side of a herd of antelopes standing in the plain, and 
<lvove them, as a sheep dog would a flock of sheep, to the 
very spot where his companion lay in ambush. As the an- 
iclopes crossed the ditch, the concealed wolf jumped up, as 
in the former case, seized a doe, and was joined by his col- 
league. , 
{ have noticed some similar instances of collective action 
on the part of other animals which I believe to be as much 
inherited as the habitual actions of individual animals. I 
have constantly seen a flock of pelicans when on the feed 
form a line across a lake, and drive the fish before them up 
its whole length, just as fishermen would witha net. The 
capture of the fish is rendered doubly easy by this method. 
i have witnessed exactly a similar plan pursued by a large 
number of Ganges crocodiles which had been lying or swim- 
ming about all day in front of my tent, at the mouth of a 
small stream which led from some large inland lakes to the 
Ganges. ‘Towards dusk, at the same moment, every one of 
them left the bank on which they were lying, or the deep 
water in which they were swimming, and formed line across 
the stream, which was about twenty yards wide. They 
had to form a double line, as there was not room for all in 
a single line. They then swam slowly up the shallow 
stream, driving the fish before them, and I saw two‘or three 
fish caught betore they disappeared.—E. C. Buck, in Nature. 
eR 
Ags Adee: UN “PH E ATR, 
a ee 
HERE was a ferrific battle between two large brown 
eagles in the vicinity of the lakes above Virginia on 
Wednesday evening. When first seen the birds were soar- 
ing, one above the other, at an altitude of perhaps three- 
fourths of a mile, and seemed on a sail for pleasure. Pres- 
ently the uppermost bird, closing its broad wings, shot 
downward like a meieor for two or three hundred feet, and 
with a wild, piercing scream lit fairly upon the back of the 
other bird. ‘Turning with the rapidity of lightning the vic- 
tim clutched its adversary with talons and beak, anda 
fierce struggle ensued. The savage yells, the striking of 
huge wings, and showers of falling feathers gave unmis- 

‘takable evidence of the ferocity with which the contest 
was waged. 
As they fought they fell earthward, and within five hun- 
dred feet of the ground they became disentangled, and each 
swooped upward again. Now followed an interesting trial 
as to which should first gain a suificient altitude to make 
another plunge. ‘The circling of the smaller bird was rapid 
and close, while that of his antagonist was made with 
greater limits, and his ascension was quickest accom- 
plished. The largest eagle was fully one-half mile high, 
and some hundreds of feet above his victim. Hovering in 
mid-air for _a moment, as if making sure of his aim, he 
again darted with a force that seemed sufficient to kill of 
itself. Again they grappled and fought like winged dem- 
ons—whirling, falling, and striking furiously for two or 
three minutes. They were now. near the largest of the 
lakes, and gradually descending to the water. The strug- 
gles of the smaller became less and less fierce; he was get- 
ting weak, and was evidently nearly vanquished, while his 
more powerful enemy seemed to wage the battle with in- 
creased vigor. ; 
Another moment and the conquering monarch loosed his 
hold, and with an exultant shout of victory soared upward. 
The battle was ended; his prisoner, limp and lifeless, fell 
into the waters of the lake with a splash, and floated on the 
surtace without a struggle.—Virginiw City Montanian. 
lp kp 
A CLEVER PicHon.—A Correspondent of ‘‘ Nature” writes 
as iollows: 
Having occasion to wait for my pony to be harnessed at 
aninnatew years since, my attention was directed by a 
gentleman (a resident of the neighborhood) with whom I 
was acquainted, to the strange conduct of a pigeon. 
A number of them were feeding on afew oats that had 
been accidently let fall while fixing the nose-bag on a horse 
standing at bait. Having finished all the grain at hand, a 
large ‘* Pouter” rose, and flapping its wings furiously, flew 
directly at the horse’s eyes, causing ‘that animal to toss his 
head, and in doing so, of course shake out more corn, IL 
saw this several times repeated; in fact, whenever the supply 
had been exhausted. 
I leave it to your readers to consider the train of thought 
that must have passed through the pigeon’s brain before it 
adopted the clever method above narrated, of stealing the 
horse’s provender. 

-_ po —_ 
The Middletown Merewry tells the following: A gentle- 
man who took a ride last Sunday, passed Thomyson’s Pond. 
‘There, he tells us he saw asirange sight. A snake was 
working its way under a stone in the water, and a few feet 
off a pickerel, with open mouth and hungry eye, lay watch- 
ing the aforesaid snake. When it thought that a propitious 
moment had come, it started for the snake and grabbed it. 
by its tail. The snake turned and grabbed the pickerel 
vy the same appendage, and the waier, foamed in their 
struggles. The issue was that the snake swallowed the 
pickerel, and the pickerel swallowed the snake, and -peace 
once more reigned in Glenmore. 
>. 




FOREST AND STREAM. 
71 

Prof. Mobius has been studying the food of the herring, 
and has determined that they feed on a minute crustaceus 
animal closely allied to the fresh water cyclops. Some idea 
of the number of these crustacians eaten by the herring, 
may be gathered from the fact, that in one instance, 61,000 
were found in a herring’s stomach. The apparatus, which 
enables the herring to feed on these minute creatures, is 
described by Prof. Mobius as a sort of basket or ‘ lobster- 
pot,” formed by the arches of the gills, each of which is 
furnished with a close set fringe of teeth, while each of the 
latter bears two rows of minute spines. The interlacing of 
these teeth and spines produces a narrow lattice-work, 
through which the water can readily pass, while the little 
swimming animals contained init are left behind in the 
mouth of the fish and gradually pass down into its stomach. 
St oO 
ELEPHANTINE Foor-sroois.—Elephanis’ feet make capi- 
tal footstools; when required for this purpose they sheuld 
be cut off a few inches below the knee, cleaned and well 
rubbed inside and out with arsenical soap. They will keep 
in this state till the sportsman’s return to head-quarters, 
when, if hard, they most be softened in water, and again 
rubbed with arsenical soap, and kept in the sun. filled with 
fine sand, all shrinking or loss of shape being prevented 
by ramming the sand daily. When thoroughly hard and 
dry, which will not be under six’ weeks, the sand must be 
removed, and the feet stuffed with coir, the nails being well 
polished, and the whole varnished. They may then be cover- 
ed with panther skin, secured round the edge with large 
headed brass nails, or with velvet or other material, which 
should be allowed to droop amply. round the edges. — Fl. 
Che Zennel. 
FIELD AND WATER SPANIHLS.—The field spaniel is re- 
markable for the intense love which it bears for hunting 
game, and the nervous manner in which it carries out the 
wishes of its master. There are two breeds, the one termed 
the “Springer” being used among the thick scrub oak and 
brambles, and the other employed principally on wood- 
cock, and therefore called the “Cocker.” Some of these 
dogs continually give tongue while eng: ged in pursuit of 
game, and utter different sounds, according to the deserip- 
tion of game which they have reached, while others are 
perfectly mute. Each of these qualities is useful in its 
way—it should not be too noisy, and the note should be 
musical. While hunting the spaniel sweeps his well feath- 
ered tail from side. to side, never carrying it as high as the 
back, and is a very pretty object to any one who has an 
eye for beauty. A spaniel must possess a thick coat, as it 
is subject to continual wetting from the drippings of the 
scrub oaks, &c., through which he has to force his way; he 
should weigh not less than fourteen pounds, and may with 
advantage weigh thirty pounds, as do the breed known by 
the name of ‘‘Clumber;” these animals work silently. The 
Cocker isa much smaller animal; his average weight is 
about fifteen pounds. He is an active and lively dog, dash- 
ing about its work with an air of gay pleasure that assists 



materially in adding to the spirits of his master, and will 
be found the most useful animal for woodcock in the fall. 
THe WATER SPANIEL, in all weathers and in all seasons, 
is ever ready to take to its almos tnatural element. He is an 
admirable diver, swift swimmer, and is greatly assisted in 
these arts by the breadth of its paws. Much of these qual- 
ities in the dog is owing to the abundant supply of natural 
oil with which his coat is supplied, and which prevents it 
from really becoming wet. A real water spaniel gives him- 
self a good shake as soon as he leaves the lake, and is dry 
in a very short time. This oil, although useful to the dog, 
gives forth an unpleasant odor, and therefore debars him 
from becoming an inmate of the house; so much the bet- 
ter. Some people fancy that the water spaniel possesses 
web feet, and that his aquatic prowess is due to this forma- 
tion, Such is not the case. All dogs have their toes con- 
nected with each other by a strong membrane, and when 
the foot is wide, and the membrane rather loosely hung, as 
is the case with the water spaniel, a large surface is pre- 
sented to the water. This dog is of moderate size, meas- 
uring about twenty-two inches in height at the shoulders, 
middling stout, ears very long, measuring from point to 
point about the animal’s own height. This dog is of the 
utmost value to the sportsman who is shooting along 
bayous, creeks, marshy lakes, &c., after widgeon, teal, and 
mallard, as he saves many a wet foot and an infinite deal 
of unpleasant labor, and is without exception the best water 
retriever, 
—The Hon. §. L. M. Barlow owns a pair of thorough- 
bred Scotch decrhounds, male and female. Their sinewy 
limbs, deep chests, slim muzzles, intelligent faces, and 
kindly dispositions make them ornamental additions to a 
gentleman’s country seat, and assert their claim to lineal 
descent from the stag hound that lives in poetry as the com- 
panion of Sir Walter Scott. Being dogs of good educa- 
tion, as well as blue blood, they seldom leave their master’s 
residence, and treat less favored quadrupeds with loft y 
contempt. About a week ago the male, who wags his tail 
to the name Walter, followed the farm cart to a neighbor’s 
house. <A very large and ferocious mastiff possessed prior 
dog privileges there. Instead of receiving his visitor with 
becoming hospitality he assaulted him savagely, and in a 
few minutes injured him so badly that he was carried home 
in the cart. ‘The mastiff’s teeth had inflicted a bad wound 
in Walter’s chest, almost perforating it from side to side. 
He refused to submit to human surgery, but tried a remedy 
taught him by instinct. In the moist earth on the border 
of a fish pond he dug a hole that just fitted his breast. He 
chose a shady place for his hospital, and never left it, ex- 
cept for his meals,'until he was cured. During the tedious 
hours of convalesence his mate was coustantly with him. 
After five days he considered himself well. 
went from the house, and going straight to where the mas- 
tiff lived, without warning or giving him any other living 


Then the pair 
show, they set upon him. The fight was short, sharp, and 
decisive. Before their victim’s owner could render assist- 
ance they had torn the mastiff limb from limb. After see- 
ing that their work had been well done they turned and 
jogged home.—Sy7. 
e—Tre following recipe, it is alleged by Franklin Dryre, 
of Galena, Maryland, isa sure cure for hydrophobia, the 
lives of many bitten persons having been saved by its use: 
‘‘Elecampane is a plant well known to most persons, and 
is to be found in many of our gardens. Immediately after 
being bitten take one anda half ounce of the root of the 
plant—the green root is perhaps preferable, but the dried 
will answer, and may be found in our drug stores, and was 
used by me—slice or bruise, put into a pint of fresh milk, 
boil down to a half pint, strain, and when cold drink, fast- 
ing for at least six hours afterwards. The next morning, 
fasting, repeat the dose, using two ounces of the root. On 
the third morning take another dose, prepared as the last, 
and this will be sufficient. It is recommended that after 
each dose nothing be caten for at least six hours. 
—*Fond du Lac” will find our reply to his question under 
our answers to correspondents. 


aluswers Co Correspondents. 
oy .* iS) Sno 4S ° 
(We shail endeavor in this department to impart and hope to receive 
such tnyormation as may be of service to wnateur and professional sports- 
men. We will cheerfully answer all reasonable questions that fall within 
‘he scope of this paper, designating localities for good hunting, fish- 
ing, and trapping, and giving advice and instructions as to outfits, im- 
plements, routes, distances, seasons, expenses, remedies, traits, species, 
governing rules, etc. All branches of the sportsman’s craft will receive 
atlention. Anonymous communications not noticed, | 
pes OS Ee 
Jusse—The gray sqnirrel can be foand in almost any of the large woods 
of Pennsylvania in the neighborhood of Philadelphia and sometimes in 
abundance. No pinnated grouse or prairie hens in Pennsylvania except 
on the Pocono Mountains and in one or two of the northwestern counties. 
The ruffed grouse is called pheasant in that State, a much prettier and 
more proper name. The quail or Virginia partridge can be shot in some 
counties only. The exterior counties are the best. Pennsylvania sports- 
men generally go to Delaware and Maryland for quail. 
Lone JourRNEY, Brooklyn.—For South America, we known of no protec- 
tion from mildew in tents. Best thing would be to take some native process. 
At home we have used linseed oil alone with success, putting on as many 
as three coats. We have heard of a preparatlon of soft soap, and solution 
of oxide of iron, put on the tents, to be followed by linseed oil, but haye 
no faith in it. 
Miss. E.—Your mocking bird we think can get rid of the pest of vermin 
by means of alittle bag filled with flour ef sulphur. Encase about two 
tea spoonsful in a calico bag, and suspend it to the upper perch inside the 
cage. The bird in jumping from one perch to another, gets sligthly dusted 
with the flour of sulphur. Tobacco dust is likely to be injurious. In 
_the South, the method we have described, we have seen constantly inuse. 
Notan—We know of no one in the United States who could post you 
on African sports. In the Field, however, is an advertisement, which 
might be of ayail. Address Kathlamba; post office. Norwich, England. 
ARDENT YouNG’unN.—No remedy for rust when you shoot by the sea 
shore; remove stains every night. Benzine is the best thing for cleaning; 
a pint will last a month. Whilst the gun is not in use, lubricate with 
mercurial ointment. 
Gzorerpus.—Lord Lurgan’s celebrity as to dogs arises from the fact 
of his having bred the famous grey hound, Master McGrath, though he 
has a yery good breed of setters. Mr. Raymond of Morristown, N. J., has 
the choicest breed of red Irish setters in the country, at least such is our 
opinion. > 
Text, Baltimore.—The Clumber is a silent dog while ranging. 
week’s article. Do not know of any in this country. Is the largest of 
field spaniels, and does not take the water. Think he would be useless 
for ducks. The true breed of field spaniels are cocker, springer and 
chunber. The latter dog will weigh forty pounds. 
See this 
L..S. Philadelphia.—Clean brass and steel cartridges, as you would the 
gun. We like nickel silver cartridges, but they are a trifle heavy; they never 
split, which is an immense advantage. Have fired them with seven 
drachm charges and two ounces of explosive bullets without damage to 
them. i 
Rose Bup.—Ground quassia wood is excellent for rose bushes, currants 
etc. Take about five pounds, sew it in a coarse bag, put this in a barrel 
of cold water, let it steep a few days, then syringe the foliage early 
in the season, every four days thoroughly for about a month. It im- 
proves the foliage, and keeps all insects away, 
Joun.—Persian insect powder is a very nseful article, No sportsman 
should go off on a tramp without it. Tf you have any fear of insects being 
in the sleeping car, or beds, use it liberally between the sheets and bed- 
ding, We*have proyed it thoroughly both North and South. It will 
keep fleas from dogs, or drive roaches and ants away from closets. It ap 
pears stifling to insects of all kinds, but is not poisonous to animals 
It must be fresh, and kept from the air to retain its strength, and be of 
service, Always carry it in bottles. 
J. B. L. Fort Smith.—All well authenticated snake stories, we should 
be glad to publish, when the characteristics of the snake, and the methods 
employed to cure the bites, are stated. So far we believe only in stimula- 
ting thoroughly the person who is bitten, and in the appliation of a tight 
ligature between the wounded part and the body. Free use of the knife, 
and burning powder in the wound are, however, useful. The injection of 
ammonia into the system, as an antigote, we are not certain about, 
ROWELL, Fond du Lac, Wis.—Your dog has already got too much 
spaniel in him; he is getting too old now. You ought to have taught him 
when seven or eight months old. You must haye patience and Fanch him 
to drop to the gun and hand; he may be taught by means of a pistol to 
“Down Charge.”’ Never let him retrieve his game on his own account 
but always tell him, ‘‘ Now Fetch, Fetch.” If the dog is as good as ae 
say, you might wait until he gets older, and then cross him witha pointer 
so as to bring back the original instinct, or if there are no pointers, get Z 
good breed of setters. ae 
T. J. & M. W. H.—For answers see “ Sea and River 
ment in this and previous numbers of this paper, 
ow friends to ask us for information by letters, 
We shall endeavor to!keep them thoronehly 
from week to week. 
Fishing * depart- 
It is of little use for 
We are too busy, 
posted on the conditions 
Caprain G.—No attempts have been made to introduce the Cappercalize 
in the United States. They might live in Upper Oregon. We think 
Col Skinner wrote an excellent article on this subject. Best authority, L: 
Lloyd's game birds of Sweden and Norway. Fi 
ALFRED.—You can buy explosive balls of Simons, Granville street 
Halifax. Tf he has not got them on hand, will make them for you. Worth 
one dollar, gold, a dozen. ° 
Henry.—Would only be too glad to try a good article of Ameri 
Our primers for’cartridges are onite as good as the English 
not to be able to say as much of the caps, 
con Cape. 
ones. Sorry 
SmPTEMBER.—Cayenne pepper in the shoes between the sock and the 
leather, will keep the feet warm. Just dust from a castor. 
Davidson.—Best time for Buffalo, close of October, Colt’s revolver may 
serve 24 good ag anything else. : 
