FOREST AND STREAM. 




oS ee ne 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
DEVOTED TO FIELD AND AQUATIC SPORTS, PRACTICAL NATURAL History, 
FisH CULTURE, THE PROTECTION OF GAME, PRESRVATION OF FORESTS, 
AND THE INCULCATION IN MEN AND WOMEN OF A HEALTHY INTERFST 
IN OUT-DOOR RECREATION AND STUDY: 
PUBLISHED BY 
Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 
Ssh 
108 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 
So ee 
Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 
tsps Std 
A discount of twenty per cent. for five copies and upwards. Any person 
sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 
Hallock’s ‘‘FisHine Tourist,” postage free. 
a AES 
Advertising Rates. 
In regular advertising columns, noupareil type, i2lines to the inch, 25 
cents per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40 ern per line. Reading 
notices, 50 cents per line. Advertisements in double column 25 per cent. 
extra. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 
10 per cent. will be made; over three months, 20 per cent; over six 
months, 30 per cent. 
LL 
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUG. 28, 1873. 



To Correspondents. 
——_—~+>—_——_. 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to THe Forrest AND STREAM PuB- 
LISHING CoMPANY. Personal letters only, to the Manager. 
All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
“We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 
Ladies are especially invited to use our columns, which will be pre- 
pared with careful reference to their perusal and instruction, 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 
notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 
to become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other; and they will 
find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forest anD STREAM aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 
fined intelligence enables them to properly.appreciate and enjoy all that 
is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 
send to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No adyertise- 
ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 
terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 
may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 
We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail service, if 
money remitted to us is lost. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES HALLOCK, 
Managing Editor. 
PE 
Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 
tg ee 
Fripay, August 29th.—Scottish games, Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn.— 
Pleasure Grounds Association, Middletown, New York.—Driving Park 
Association, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.—Hydic Park, Williamsport, Penn- 
sylvania.—Friendship Association, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.—Carl Park 
Association, Carville, Illinois. 
Saturpay, A ust 30th.—Amateur boat clubs, foot of 133d street and 
East River.—H, c Park Association, Williamsport, Pennsylvania. 
Tuxspay, September 2d.—Goshen Park Association, Goshen, Orange 
county, New York.—Macomb Association, Tlinois. 
WEDNESDAY, September 3d.—Rowing of Triton and Pastaic Clubs, 
Newark, New Jersey.—Washington Park Association, Washington coun- 
« ty, New York.—Toronto Regatta, Dominion of Canada.Macomb Asso- 
ciation, Macomb, Ilinois.—Goshen Park Association, Goshen, Orange 
county, New York. 
THURSDAY, September 4th.—Toronto Regatta, Dominion of Canada.— 
Macomb Association, Macomb, Illinois—Goshen Park Association, 
Goshen, Orange county, New York.—Washington Park Association, 
Washington county, New York.—Caledonian Club Athletic Pastimes, 
Jones’ Wood. 
—— 
bik, DOOMOER TEE VODOCS: 
pe th oye ue 
The President and Secretary of War have decreed the 
hanging of the Modoc ‘“‘braves,” and Captain Jack, 
Schonchin, Black Jim, Boston Charlie, One-eyed Jim, and 
Sloluck must swing. Old Slow-luck’s fate is none too 
quick for him. 
SING :— 
Lo ! the poor Indian, with untutored mind, 
His hair unkempt and trowsers out behind, 
Streaks the broad prairie like a shooting star, 
With fell intent and devil-bent for ha’r ! 
No cares of State perplex his swarthy breast ; 
He rangeth from the eastward to the West— 
Starts a mule train in a blaze of glory, 
And leayes not one to tell the story. 
Swing up the ‘“‘brave,’’ the bloody Modoc brave ! 
The path of glory leads but to the grave. 
If Jack must die he might as well die now ; 
So swing him up—‘‘hough-ough-wow-wow-wow-how !” 
—> 
RECEIPT FOR HANGING ONESELF.—To reduce hanging to 
a system, at least by logarithms, multiplying the cube root 
of the man, by the length of the rope, is attracting the at- 
tention of those familiar with aminal mechanics. Should a 
person wish to commit suicide by suspension, the following 
rules must be observed. First weigh yourself, then divide 
your weight in pounds by the arbitrary numbers 2,240; and 
the quotient will be the length of rope in feet, you should 
use. The Rev. 8. Haughton, an English clergyman, is the 
author and discoverer of this most invaluable receipt. In 
future we trust that persons wishing to hang themselves, 
will make no half-way work of it. 




HAS THE SALMON EVER FREQUENTED 
THE HUDSON RIVER? 
SERRE D2. 
T has often been asserted that in the early days of the 
settlement of New Amsterdam and for many years after 
it, salmon were found in the Hudson river. This  state- 
ment, when carefully followed up is found not to rest on 
a basis of fact. No one has with his own eyes seen this fish 
taken from the river, and although we have heard the story 
of the angler who every year took a few salmon with a rod 
and fly, we never, after diligent investigation could ascertain 
that this was a positive fact. Perhaps the angler was a cousin 
of the Flying Dutchman, and had been condemned to fish 
for salmon in the North river, for reasons similar to those 
which detained his blasphemous relative in the seas near 
the Cape of Good Hope. At any rate the attempt to catch 
salmon in the North river now, would have to be underta- 
ken by a dumb Quaker, in order to avoid the Dutchman’s 
fate. 
We find, however, after sifting all that has been said, 
that the angler was Henry Hudson himself, almost every 
so-called authority disclaiming any personal knowledge 
concerning the matter, and referring to Hudson’s journal 
for the proof of it. Now what does Hudson say? His 
log-book or ship’s journal kept during his voyage to our 
coast in 1609, was not entirely in his own hand, but was 
mostly penned by Robert Juet or Jewett, his mate, who 
on the voyage tothe great inland gulf named after Hud- 
son, its discoverer, in the year 1610, mutinied against his 
commander, and abandoned him to his fate in an open 
boat. This journal was first printed by Purchas in 1625, 
and has often been copied since. We shall now quote 
the words of the journal from Purchas himself. 
“September 4th, 1609, (Hudson anchored just inside of 
the point of Sandy Hook). ‘‘Then our Boat went on Land 
with our Net to Fish, and caught ten great Mul ets of a 
foot and a halfe long apiece, and a Ray as great as foure men 
could hale into the ship.” 
September 14th, (among the Highlands 
Point). ‘The River is full of tish.” 
September 15th, (about Newburgh). ‘Great store of 
Salmon in the River.”—‘‘ Our Boat went to fish and caught 
great store of very good fish.” 
September 27th, (about Tivoli (2) on his way down.) 
“They Tooke four, five and twentie Mullets, Breames, 
Bases, and Barbils; and returned in an houre.” 
These notices are the only ‘ones which refer to the cap- 
ture of fish in the North river, in the journal. It will be 
noticed that in speaking of salmon, it is not said that 
any were caught. However, if salmon were found here 
then, is it at all likely that any would be seen or noticed 
in the month of September? By that time they would 
have left the river. There could not have been many left 
in it so late in the season. 
Then again how could he prove that salmon were plenty 
in the river unless he caught some or saw the Indians 
spear them? This fish will not take a baited hook such as 
they used, and no mention is made of their being netted or 
speared. It is probable that large trout, brought to him 
by the Indians were called by the sailors salmon, or that 
weak fish (otolitws regalis) were mistaken for salmon. 
The general way in which the declaration *‘ great. store 
of Salmon in the River;” is made, is no doubt a wild guess, 
considering the improbabilty of these fish having been 
seen in September. Perhaps some dried or smoked fish 
prepared by the natives were mistaken for salmon. We 
accept the vague statement in Hudson’s journal, therefore, 
as sufficient evidence to the point in question, and must 
look to more certain and better testimony before we can 
believe that salmon once frequented the North river. Why 
the salmon should have been, and is now again at home in 
the Connecticut but a few miles east of the Hudson, is not 
easy to answer. The Hudson, for some hundred and fifty 
miles from its outlet to the sea, is not attractive to the sal- 
mon, as itis salt for half that distance and has a tidal flow 
each way, nearly to the same point. Besides these ob- 
jectional features in the eyes of a salmon, the waters of 
the lower Hudson are muddy, and were probably always 
So, owing to the quantity of clay which is washed into it 
from the clay formation that forms its bed about Albany. 
Its affluents below Albany, for one hunrded and fifty 
miles, are too small for salmon streams, though the upper 
about West 
Hudson and Mohawk seem in every way fitted to tempt 
this fish to frequent their cleaner and more rapid waters. 
Perhaps if the salmon proper cannot be made to thrive 
here, an attempt to domesticate the Land locked salmon (Sal- 
mo Glovert) in it would be successful. We throw out the hint 
for what it is worth and leave the matter to the judg- 
ment of our Commissioners of Fisheries, * 
*The great Mullets were probably Drum fish—the Pogonias chromis; the 
great Ray—the Trygon hastata; the Breames—Pomotis appendia; the 
Basse—Perca flavescens. The Barbells could not have been Chub, which 
rarely take the hook, but were doubtless cat fish—A riopsis milberta. 
Colonel T. B. Thorpe says that when he was a bey, 1830, old men Ilved 
in Saratoga county who often told him they caught salmon in the river 
between Schaghticoke and the falls above, in the Hudson. 
Ry ae ee, Mee 
We are only too glad to place the well known German- 
town Telegraph among our many valuable exchanges. We 
know of no paper in the United States, which can be more 
useful to us. In it we can always find material of precisely 
the character, which will be appreciated by that portion 
of the intelligent public who wish to learn of local sport- 
ing matters within the State of Pennsylvania. 
St Oo 
English fishermen are trying to find the man who intro- 
duced pike into the Scotch lakes, and threaten if they can 
find him to feed him to this piratical fish. The pike are 
devouring all the other fish. 
DEPRAVITY IN HORSES, 
Leh Ake A 
R™ Dr. Deems, the well known and esteemed pastor of 
the ‘‘Church of the Stranger,” takes friendly issue with 
the editor of this paper upon his general assertion that the 
noble nature and disposition of the horse do not become con 
taminated by the moral atmosphere of the stable and trotting 
course. We print his genial letter under the department | 
appropriated to horse matters. 
Dr. Deems disclaims being a sportsman in any sense of the 
word; but we nevertheless shall enroll his name upon the 
list of true lovers of legitimate field sports, for every syllable 
he utters is in sympathy and accord with Nature and her at- 
tractive charms. The same vein of philanthropy that induces 
him to labor assiduously for the temporal and spiritual wel- 
fare of mankind, crops out in his manifest and avowed re- 
gard for the horse. He has always esteemed this noblest of 
animals from his youth up, and we reverence his affection. 
From the earliest Biblical times the horse has been the 
theme of both profane and sacred writers, The poets 
idealized him, the ancients deified him, and Job has re- 
corded his attributes and graces in the sublimest language 
that inspiration eyer gave toman to use. The earnest ad- 
mirer of the horse is as ardent in his devotion as the veriest 
lover of woman. He will go as far in his fondling and 
caresses. He will kiss its beautiful face, and gaze with over- 
weening affection into its deep, liquid eyes. Aye, more; like 
Leo Hudson, the great equestrienne, he will die for love of 
the horse that died. Who will gainsay this? There are 
gentlemen, technically termed sportsmen, and recognized 
as such professionally, who think and talk nothing but 
“horse.” Their minds are constantly filled and overflow- 
ing with the theme, just as the stock and gold brokers” 
minds are absorbed with stocks. Their study is in the 
stable and in the paddock; their literature is in their stud- 
book; they meet in cliques and knots to discuss the points. 
and strains of horses, and resort to the race-course to see 
them illustrated in beauty, speed and action. This is their 
only ostensible business, and they are not, many of them, 
what may be called sporting men in the vulgar meaning of 
the word. . 
Why this supreme love of the horse, we ask? Is it not 
because of the higher order of intelligence which the horse 
possesses, and which these gentlemen learn to appreciate by 
constant study? And is not this higher intellect exhibited 
in the saw-dust arena, in the chase, and in domestic life by 
a thousand different traits which form the theme of anec- 
dotes innumerable? And is it not the horse’s perceptive 
faculties and his inborn nobility that, in spite of beatings and 
ill treatment, and bad grooms’ display of temper, and inju- 
dicious management, and coarse associations, still keep 
him noble? The dog, whose intelligence makes him the 
chosen and constant companion of man, can be wholly de- 
moralized by the bad habits and cruelties of his master, 
but the horse plods on, cowed, perhaps, but still patient 
and enduring and heroic, and with a change of owners soom 
recovers his old spirits and old enthusiasm, and shows the 
“mettle of his breeding,” Less than man is the horse 
“known by the company he keeps.’ Of course it cannot 
be denied that some horses are made vicious and become 
contaminated and depraved by evil associations. Even 
angels in heaven have fallen. By this concession our gen- 
eral assertion yields to a qualification. But a ‘‘ Cruiser” can 
be reformed, while the angels are’past redemption. Much 
of the horse’s character and susceptibility depends upon 
his blood and lineage. It is just so with men. The lower 
races are the most easily demoralized, because they are 
lower orders of being. The whole subject is open to friendly 
argument and worthy of consideration; for practical wisdom 
may be gained from investigating how far the horse can 
become depraved by contact with bad men. We cannot 
say that we have fully met the reverend doctor’s objections 
in this article. Were we to enter the lists with him properly 
mounted, we should undoubtedly select a charger that had 
not been exposed to the moral atmosphere of-the qraining 
stable. 

——b 
HARDENED BALLS. 
iene 
H ARDENED balls for the rifle, made of compounds of 
lead and tin, or of lead and pewter, have been but 
little used in the United States. Quick as we are to adopt 
improvements of every kind, the reasons for our want of 
familiarity with hardened projectiles, may be readily explain- 
ed. In the United States, save for the grizzly bear and 
moose, he would have found little use for them. The Eng- 
lish sportsman, however, with his wide hunting range, has 
used the hardened ball for the last thirty years, in his com- 
bats with the elephant, the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, 
the lion, tiger, and buffalo. 
The composition generally used to make a hard ball, is 
one half tin to four of lead. Some authorities state that a 
fractional portion of anitmony is useful, but we should 
think, that any projectile similar in composition to type 
metal would be too brittle. Quite a leading writer, on this 
subject, states that balls will harden by dropping them 
whilst hot in fat, buffalo-tallow being preferred, but we re- 
gard this as empirical, and resting on no sound chemical or 
physical basis. Discarding entirely balls made of one ho- 
mogeneous substance, some English elephant-hunters have 
used projectiles of lead with a steel point, but thesé have 
fallen into disuse from the want of accuracy in their flight. 
The use of hardened balls, and the advantages to be de- 
rived from them, isa much more complex subject than 
would seem apparent at first sight. A prominent English 
