FOREST AND STREAM. | 
































SEB 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
DEVOTED TO FIELD AND AQUATIC SPORTS, PRACTICAL NatTuRAL History, 
Fish CULTURE, THE PROTECTION OF GAME, PRESRYATION OF Forests, 
AND THE INCULCATION IN MEN AND WoMEN OF A HEALTHY INTERFST 
IN OUZ-DIOR RECREATION AND StuDY: 
PUBLISHED BY 
Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 
—_—AT—— 
108 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 
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Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 
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sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive 
Hallock’s *“‘ Fisnine Tourist,’* postage free. 
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eee 
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOY. 6, 1873. 

Any person 
a copy of 



To Correspondents. 
tae 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to THe Forest AND STREAM PuR- 
LISHING COMPANY. Personal letters only, to the Manager. 
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pared with careful reference to their perusal and instruction. 
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become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 
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find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forest AND STREAM aim to merit and secure the 
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fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
18 beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
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This paper sent gratuitously to all contributors. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES HALLOCK, 
Managing Editor. 
aL nen neeeeneeeeeeeeeemenees 
Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 
+ 
NoveMBER 7th.—Trotting at White Plains, Westchester county, New 
York. 
NoEEMBER 8th.—Athletic Tournament, Academy of Music....Bulliards 
at Chicago, Maurice Daly vs, Slosson, 
NoveMBER 10th.—State Auxillary Joint Stock Company, Columbia, 
South Carolina. 
NovemBeR 11th.—Wilmington Fair, Cape Fear, North Carolina.... 
State Auxillary Joint Stock Company, Columbia, South Carolina. 
No EMBER 12th.—Wilmington Fair, Cape Fear, North Carolina.... 
State Auxillary Joint Stock Company, Columbia, South Carolina. 
NoveMBER 13th.—Wilmington Fair, Cape Fear, North Carolina.... 
state Auxillary Joint Stock Company, Columbia, South Carolina. 




WOOD COLORS. 
re ae 
USKIN, ina clever book, expatiates on the beauty of 
a landscape, laying special stress on the harmony of 
the soil colors. Rosa Bonheur, when she painted her hap- 
piest picture, shows you a field through which a plow 
drawn by patient oxen tills the ground. Are you the least 
bit critical you can see that the furrows beyond were up- 
turned early in the morning, for they are now faded, the 
rich umber tint is gone; but where the steers now drag the 
plowshare the upturned earth is full of warmer color. 
Ruskin, while he may with the most exquisite word 
painting make you feel whatis the scale of colors, and 
their harmonious blending, somewhat drops you down 
from your poetry when he dryly tells you that all of na- 
ture’s most charming effects in soils are solely due to iron 
and the amount of oxidation. 
Our forests this month have changed their dress. 
they are clothed in 
“Green and yellow and crimson and gold, 
Out of the loom of the Infinite rolled, 
In wild luxuriance fold on fold.” 
The walnut turns to dainty shades of auburn, as lustrous 
as a woman’s hair, and to marroons and russet browns, 
running to rich chocolate, while the wild honey-suckle as- 
sumes palid ghostly shades of white. The poplar, horse- 
chestnut and lime take at times a buff, a saffron, a crocus, 
a sulphur hue, from delicate straw to golden lemon. These 
are the more quiet, the subdued tones of nature. Now 
flashes out the rose, the ruby, the crimson, the wine hues, 
the blood-clot reds of the sumae, the wild ivy, the dog- 
wood and the creeper, as they flush and flaunt and blaze 
with garish, gaudy, gorgeous, and burning hues of lurid 
splendor. 
Ohlorophyi! 1s it to its absence that is due this meta- 
nrorphosis, this harlequinade ? Must some learned botan- 
ist. as did Ruskin in regard to soil, tell us that in the fall of 
Now 



the year the sap in the trees is acid or alkaline, andso has 
changed the colors ? 
It is nature dymg, but dying in a halo of light, as the sun 
sets. It may be oxidation of the leaves, but what we see in 
this protean change recalls to us the coming spring, when 
“the melancholy days” are past, and nature will again 
deck herself in all her budding beauty. It is but the fore- 
tokening of a resurrection. 
POSSIBLE CHANGES IN THE ENGLISH 
GAME LAWS. 
Siblee Ae 2 ees 
66 Ia may be said indeed that at the present time, those 
persons who for political objects are striving by 
speech or print to sow enmity between the owners and the 
occupiers of the soil, find no arguments so ready to their 
hand or so persuasive as this excessive increase and 
effeminate pursuit of game. It may be said that in several 
of our English shires, the rabbit is now the best ally of the 
English radical.” 
The above trom Earl Stanhope, and found in an admir- 
able book of his, comes uppermost to our mind, in reading 
the account of the Report of the Game Laws, as it appeared 
in a late issue of the London Jimes. 
In 1845-46 Mr. Bright’s Committee on the Game Laws, 
held their meetings, and the result was a voluminous book 
of 1,578 pages, containing no less than 25,608 questions and 
answers. 
Last year, at the instance of Mr. Carnegie, a measure was 
brought forth in England to make game property, and ac- 
cordingly a second committee was formed, whose labors 
we must now consider. With commendable regard to ob- 
taining ‘the truth and the whole truth and nothing else,” 
witnesses were called by the committee and they examined 
persons learned in the law, tenants, farmers, game-dealers, 
agents, factors, laborers, foresters, and those peculiar per- 
sonages unknown to us, designated as “retailers of shoot- 
ing "—that is persons who hire a moor in bulk and under- 
let it in smaller lots to various parties. 
The attack on the present Game Laws made by the 
farmers, arises not only from material grounds but as affect- 
ing the laborers’ morality, and they as the producers of food, 
claim to represent the interests of the whole community. 
The opposition to the Game Laws as emanating from the 
English farmers, is tame when compared with the violent 
attacks made on it by the Scotch. 
There are some strange and peculiar anomalies about 
English Game Laws, which would drive a Philadelphia 
lawyer crazy; for instance, game when alive is legally no- 
body’s property, the right to shoot it és however a valuable 
property, guarded by severe laws, and of the kind known 
as an incorporeal hereditament. 
The disparity of customs in leasing Jand in England and 
Scotland makes a wide difference between the good’ feeling 
which should exist between landlord and tenant in the two 
countries. In Scotland the exactions of the landlord appear 
to be much more severe than in England. His power of 
control over the crops and animals of the lessee, have 
the strongest retrospective action. If rent is not paid a 
landlord has the right by law of even reclaiming the price 
of cattle sold by the farmer to other parties a year before. 
Exactions of this character, taken in connection with the 
peculiarities of the Scottish disposition, necessarily make 
the Scotch unwilling to allow the least infringement of their 
rights, and the more bitterly to resent any encroachments. 
The right of shooting in absence of any agreement in Eng- 
land belogs to the tenant, but it is customary in a lease to 
reserve this right to the landlord. The trouble seems in- 
variably to arise from the selling of this right to outside 
parties, who having no vested interest in the land, who only 
buy the license to shoot over the grounds, invariably are 
looked upon as interlopers by the tenant. 
The presence of rabbits and hares is the great bone of 
contention. Instances are cited where the right to shoot 
over a property was sold by the landlord for £200, while the 
losses occurring in wheat fields alone from the rabbits and 
hares amounted to £300. In regard to general winged 
game and their preservation, excepting pheasants, the ob- 
jections made by farmers were very few. As to partridges, 
one important witness said that he considered the partridge 
‘“ag one of the best friends the farmer had.” 
It is the rabbits and hares which come in for all the 
abuse. Some farmers declared that the presence of these 
animals, absolutely forced them to plant only such crops as 
these creatures would not eat, and that because they did 
not like oats, but would eat up all the young wheat, they 
were obliged to grow onty oats year after year. 
The present agitation against the Game Laws in Great 
Britain dates from Aberdeen, and the returns of the Aber- 
deen Game Conference showed that on an average of 184,211 
acres, the direct damages caused by game amounted to no 
less than £19,000. Tenants in Scotland taking the law into 
their own hands, have formed Trapping Associations. One 
of such associations caught on 56 acres in one year 1,000 
rabbits and another 400 hares in 75 acres. One most absurd 
fact which must strike the American reader is this, that the 
landlords, on a point of digiity, will not aliow their 
tenants even by purchase, (notwithstanding that they may 
offer the same amount of money as would be taken by the 
landlord from another party), to have the right to shoot the 
game on the lands they have rented. This is carrying out 
ad absurdum, a question of privileges, and is incomprehen- 
sible; much as we are in favor of game preserving, this 
seems to smack of barbarous feudal times. 
The English Chamber of Agriculture, an important and 
influential body, partly composed of proprietors, have taken 
the matter under consideration and have recommended that 





hares and rabbits should: wholly be taken out of the pre- 
tection of the Game Laws; secondly, that tenants and land- 
lords should have a joint right to kill the ground game 
(hares and rabbits), and that it should be impossible for 
either party to part with this right. The Scotch Chamber, 
having previously voted the same joint and inalienable 
right to ground game, at last, in 1871, ‘ put itself right 
with the country” and with ‘the Radical boroughs” by 
petitioning Parliament for the total abolition of the Game 
Laws. 
a 
RESEARCHES AFTER THE BIRDS OF 
PARADISE. 
a ae SP 
INCE Mr. Wallace’s account of the Papuan Islands, 
some eight years ago, in search of new varieties of 
that most gorgeous family of birds, the Paradiseide, Signor 
D’Albertis’ late travels as a naturalist into the interior of 
New Guinea are particularly interesting. 
The expedition of this Italian naturalist was undertaken 
last year, and he has been able to add quite a number of 
specimens of Birds of Paradise to the already quite large 
collection. At 3,600 feet above the level of the sea he 
found the superb Bird of Paradise (Lopharina atra), and at, 
a higher level was able to obtain several of them, Arriving 
at Corono, Signor D’Albertis found a fine young male of 
the Six-shafted Bird of Paradise (Parotia sexpennis) which 
has never yet before been secured by an European. Sig- 
nor D’Albertis says it feeds on fruit and a kind of fig, 
found in quantity upon the mountain ranges. To clear its 
rich plumage it scrapes a round place clear of grass and 
leaves, where the ground is dry, and rolls itself in the dust 
like all other gallinaceous birds, elevating and depressing 
its plumage, and raising and lowering the six wonderful 
plumes on its head, from whence its name is derived. Be- 
ing in want of food, Signor D’Albertis skinned his bird 
and found it delicious eating. Imagine a dish of roasted 
Birds of Paradise! During his month’s residence at Coro- 
no Signor D’Albertis obtained 122 specimens of birds, and 
a large collection of insects, besides some mammals and 
other specimens. 
To track the Bird of Paradise in his native wilds must be 
the dream of many an ornithologist. A correspondent of 
Nature, in writing in regard to Signor D’Albertis’ travels, 
says ‘‘this interesting narrative serves to show us that the 
dangers and difficulties of penetrating into the interior of 
New Guinea, though considerable, have been somewhat 
overrated.” The inhabitants seemed to be kind to the 
traveler, the only drawback was the pestilential character 
ot the country. 

— 6 
SY BILLINE, BEAVES.—1 1 I. 
ESL Sour oe 
HINTS TO SPORTSMEN, 
ot 
N the second paper of this series we were surprised to 
read this sentence in type: 
“Fires should be built so that the smoke should nov 
blow into the tent or shanty.” 
Now that “not” came in there is a question too knotty 
for us to determine; but whatever the explanation, it en- 
tirely reverses our intended meaning. Certainly there is 
no quicker or more effective rode of clearing a tent of flies 
and mosquitoes then by letting the smoke of the camp fire 
blow into the door. 
One great point gained in learning woodcraft is to acquire 
a habit of close and continued observation. All dense 
woods look so much alike that the novice without a guide 
is almost helpless. In travelling it is important to turn 
frequently and survey the ground behind, especially if one 
intends to retrace his steps. A locality looks entirely dif- 
ferent from different points of observation. Hence it is 
always prudent to blaze the route by occasionally scoring a 
tree or breaking the top of a bush or limb. Where small 
spruces are frequent, the broken tops of these are most 
easily seen. In passing through alder brush, cut them well 
down toward the buts with a hatchet, remembering to bend 
them well over with the left hand and giving a smart clip 
on the bend. A greenhorn will be surprised to see how 
easy it is to cut brush in this way, and how much hacking 
is required to cut even the smallest sapling in any other 
way. Alder brush makes a good ‘“‘blaze,” as the under sides 
of the leaves are much lighter than the upper, and show 
distinctly. In following a blind trail, the eye should always 
run casaully in advance. If it is cast down directly in 
front, the sign is lost; but if raised, the trai: can usually be 
traced quite distinctly. In all cases where a man discovers 
himself, lost, he should stop short and carefully consider 
the situation—the position of the sun, direction of the 
wind, character of adjacent prominent objects, &c., and 
then retrace his steps as nearly as possible. It is senseless 
to plunge headlong into trackless uncertainty, when it may 
be quite possible to go back on one’s own track to the point 
started from, which though aloss of time in reaching a 
desired destination, is better than a loss of way and an in 
voluntary bivouac in the woods. The writer remembers 
having once tracked back through a laurel brake with 
such nicety of calculation as to pick up a handkerchief 
which had been pulled out of his pocket, and was clinging 
toa bush. Asa general thing, a man does not go far off 
his course before he discovers his mistake. A quarter of a 
mile in a jungle or strange forest seems a great distance. 
It is not impracticable either, when one is in doubt, to 
climb a tall tree and take a survey from the top. Caribou 
hunters often adopt this practice when looking for barrens 
where game are likely to be found. Rivers and streams 
are certain highways to deliverance provided a person has 
previously some idea of the general lay of the land. 


