FOREST AND STREAM. 

















A 
eR c NOME SS = 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 
DEVOTED TO FIELD AND Aquatic Sports, PractTicaL NATURAL History, 
FisH CULTURE, THE PROTECTION OF GAME, PRESRVATION OF FoRESTS, 
AND THE INCULCATION IN MEN AND WOMEN OF A HEALTHY INTER ST 
IN Ouz-L290R RECREATION AND STUDY: 
PUBLISHED BY 
forest and Stream Publishing Company, 
103 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 
eg 
Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance, 
We eS Sat 
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months, 30 per cent. 


NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOY. 13, 1873. 


7 
To Correspondents. 
—+ 
All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 
correspondence, must be addressed to Tur ForEst AND STREAM PuB- 
LISHING ComPANY. Personal letters only, to the Manager. 
All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 
real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 
objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 
Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 
We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 
Ladies are especially inyited to use our columns, which will be pre- 
pared with vareful reference to their perusal and instruction. 
Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 
notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 
become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 
men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other; and they will 
find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 
The Publishers of Forrest AND STREAM aim to merit and secure the 
patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 
fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 
is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 
the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 
,end to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 
ment or business notice of an immoral character will be recelved on any 
terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 
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money remitted to us is lost. 
This paper sent gratuitously to all contributors. 
Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 
CHARLES HALLOCK, 
Managing Editor, 



Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 
—_—— 
SaturDAy, November 15.—Pacific Club, San Francisco, running race 
for $20,000..... Grand Remington Diamond Badge Match, Creedmoor, 
TuEespay, November 18.—Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club, Natchez, 
Mississippi, 
WEDNESDAY, November 19.—Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club, 
Natchez, Mississippi. 
THuRsDAY, November 20.—Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club. 



OUR CONTENTS TO-DAY. 
eee eels Ee 
HE number of Forest and STREAM which we issue 
this day does no discredit to its predecessors. In- 
deed, in the absence of an index rerum, we feel at liberty, 
without blowing too brazen a trumpet, to direct attention 
to the quality and value of the material which is con- 
tributed by its friends and supporters, waiving any refer- 
ence to the remainder of the contents. In the first place, 
the beautiful introductory epic entitled ‘‘ Hubert the 
Hunter” is indited by a master mind, while the little poem 
on the fourth page is as fresh and sparkling as any of those 
that fall from the familiar pen of the author. ‘‘ Wild Life 
in Florida” is written by a most indefatigable naturalist; 
the description of hunter-life in the Rocky Mountains by a 
member of the late Yale Scientific Expedition, whose 
habits of close observation, assisted by the rare faculty of 
portraying them with the nicest accuracy, constitute the 
chief charm of his writings; of a like quality and character 
are the poetic emanations of him who indites his lines from 
the forests of Nova Scotia. In addition we have those 
valuable lessons of practical instruction in Fish Culture and 
Taxidermy of which almost every amateur is anxious to 
know something. 
As to the article on ‘‘Indian Whiskey,” we confess it has 
nothing whatever to do with sport. The subject is any- 
thing but sportsmanlike; yet the experience is one that 
some time or other comes under the observation of every 
frontier sportsman. And unfortunately, until such oppor- 
tunity is offered, no sportsman, or any other man, can ever 
realize the enormity of the whiskey traffic, or the real 
causes, direct or remote, of all our difficulties with the 
Incians. This article is most painful in the horrible ac- 
curacy of its delineation; it is the only one we ever read 
that gives an adequate conception of what people generally 
have only a faint idea of. We wish that it could be read 
by every official, from Washington to the remotest frontier, 
and printed where everybody can seeit. The great wonder 
is that Indian atrocities are as few as they are; for the 




Indian isnot only irresponsible when drunk, but fiendish 
under the stomach-and-brain suffering of the excruciating 
reaction of a debauch. His faculties are first scattered, 
and then concentrated on revenge for the woes that follow 
the demoralization. 
There are other subjects treated of in this issue of equal 
material value; and to combine the useful and instructive 
with that which is novel and agreeable, will always be the 
aim of Forest AND STREAM, 
We have a rare budget for next week also, 
$$ _—$__<<—ao- 
THE BRIGHTON AQUARIUM. 
paige ar 
UBLIC attention having been brought to the question 
of an aquarium, to be located in New York, either at 
the Central Park or in its adjunct, the Morningside Park, a 
full description of the largest and most successful aquarium 
—the one at Brighton—will be doubtless interesting to our 
readers, 
To the Messrs, Appleton, the publishers of Appleton’s 
Journal, will be due the credit of having first practically 
taken this important subject in hand, and in a former num- 
ber of Forest AND STREAM we mentioned that a corres- 
pondence had already been entered into between the Messrs. 
Appleton and Mr. W. Saville Kent, the late manager of the 
Brighton Aquarium, From an admirable article in Nature, 
from Mr. Kent himself, we are enabled to understand fully 
the plans of construction and working of this aquarium. 
The Brighton Aquarium, though there are several other 
aquaria in England and on the Continent, still holds its own 
as being on a scale of magnitude hitherto unsurpassed; 
more thun one of its tanks being large enough to allow of 
porpoises and other lesser ectaccw to live in them. Mr. Ed- 
ward Birch, a well known English engineer, having scen a 
smaller aquarium at Boulogne, first entertained the idea of 
constructing a perfect one on a much enlarged scale at 
Brighton, The work was commenced in 1869, but was not 
completed until 1872, when the present aquarium was form- 
ally opened under the auspices of the British Association. 
The area occupied by the Brighton Aquarium is 715 feet in 
length (somewhat over one-seyenth of a mile), and is 100 
feet in width. There are 41 principal tanks in all, num- 
bered fromi1to 41. The smallest is 11 fect lone by 10 
broad, and will contain 4,000 gallons of water; the largest 
is No. 6, with a frontage of 180 feet by 30 feet width, and 
will hold 110,000 gallons. Every gradation of depth is 
found in the aquarium, from 5 feet to 30. Supplementary 
to these larger tanks are a number of smaller ones, adapted 
to starfish, anemonies, &c., so that the smaller creatures 
may be examined perpendicularly through the water. The 
whole bulk of water, both freshand salt, utilized, amounts 
to no less than. 500,000 gallons. 
The style of architecture of the building isa highly or- 
nate Italian, constructed of variegated brick, with columns 
of Bath stone, serpentine marble, and Aberdcen granite. 
The floor is laid in tiles. The tanks are divided into 
sections composed of three sheets of plate glass, each plate 
having a thickness of one inch, and measuring six feet hich 
by three feet wide, and are separated and supported by up- 
right massive iron mullions. A smalltank may have but 
one length and width of glass, while the larger ones have 
as many as six plates of glass, something like a large win- 
dow in a shop front, made up of various pieces of glass. 
The system adopted in the aquarium is that of continually 
renewing the oxygen necessary for the health of the ani- 
mals, and streams of compressed air are constantly forced 
through tubesat the bottom of the water, each tank hay- 
ing a greater or less number of tubes appropriate to the size 
of the tank. Each tank is perfectly independent or isolated 
from the other, so that should an accident occur inmates 
could not escape from their tank, or if the water should be- 
come turbid the water in a particular tank alone is affected. 
The water is derived directly from the sea by means of a 
six-horse centrifugal pump. ‘Thissystem,” says Mr. Kent, 
‘while practical in aquaria at the sea side, when the supply 
of water is unlimited, does not answer inland, as exempli- 
fied by the decadence in a scientific point of the one from 
which that at Brighton is copied.” The aquarium at the 
Crystal Palace, and those at Hamburg and Copenhagen 
will not sustain (the size of tanks and volume of water be 
ing the same as at Brighton) the same amount of fish. 
One great difficuity arises from the fact that certain kinds 
of fish foul the waterand make it turbid, and by so doing 
not only prevent the movements of the fish from being 
studied, but may seriously affect their own health. The 
flat-fish or plewronectide, is of this character, and if placed 
in a tank of the clearest water, under the best circumstan- 
ces, will make the water in a few weeks become so opaque 
that at a short distance from the glass the fish becomes 
invisible. To remedy this fresh water was used; but as 
the Brighton pipes were at times drawing water at low tide, 
certain impurities were drawn up with the water which 
rendered it objectionable. Mr. Kent’s predecessor, Mr. J. 
K. Lloyd, having suggested the introduction of oysters and 
other bivalve mollusca for the purpose of removing these 
organic impurites, though they proved useful, Mr. Kent 
statesthat the evil remains undisturbed, and can only be 
remedied, he thinks, ‘‘by the application of the circulatory 
system, securing with it the more thorough oxygenization 
of the water.” Mr. W. A. Lloyd, who has had charge of 
the Crystal Palace and Hamburg Aquaria, initiated the sys- 
tem referred to by Mr. Kent. A bulk of water exceeding 
four to five times the capacity of the tanks is stored, which 
is pumped by steam power and circulated through the 
buildings, taking up in its course, by exposure to the at- 
mosphere, a certain amount of oxygen which, says Mr. 
Kent, ‘‘not only permits the preservation of the health of 
amuch larger number of inhabitants in cach tank, but at 
the same time communicates to the water a degree of clear- 
ness and brilliancy unattainable by other means.” The 
Objections to such a circulatory system is, that should any 
noxious substance, such as paint or oil, be introduced into 
the water, it would be diffused throughout all the tanks. 
But, Mr. Kent states, that with ordinary care such acci- 
dents ought to be impossible. This same most reliable au- 
thority informs us that, until this circulatory method of 
feeding the tanks is used at Brighton, the greater or less 
turbidity of tanks must continue as hitherto, and be a con- 
stant source of dissatisfaction to the directors and the 
public. 
To conclude our brief analysis of Mr. Kent's most clear 
statements of the Brighton Aquarium, he is of the opinion 
that, so far as to size and its proximity to the sea, the 
Brighton Aquarium has been able to achieve results wnreal- 
ized by any other institution of its description, but that 
these results are by no means commensurate with the ex- 
penditure involved in its establishment, and Mr. Kent ex- 
presses the hope that ‘‘steps will be forthwith taken to 
remedy the cefects indicated.” 
With, then, all the experience gained by Mr. Kent, and 
the advantages and defects of the various systems employed 
having been well considered, let us hope that when the 
New York Aquarium is built it will be, if not the largest in 
the world, at least perfect in all respects. Had an aquari- 
um existed at Central Park the manatee, whose untimely 
end we regret to announce, would have been probably still 
alive. 
If San Francisco has aw aquarium, surely the metropolis 
of America should have one, Welook forward, then, with 
great interest to the erection of an aquariumin New York, 
believing that the time is not far distant when our hopes 
will be realized. 
SR AE go Bs 
AMERICAN OARSMEN vs. ENGLISH. 
pe SS 
W* print for the benefit of our boating readers a very 
interesting but somewhat inflated article from 
Land and Water. ‘ery certainly the tone in which the 
article is conched is not wanting in satire. We think no 
people were more free to admit English supremacy on boat- 
ing matters on their own waters than our Collegiates and 
Amateurs. That it is an evident fact is shown by Yale 
having sent one of her best oarsmen to Oxford to learn the 
English stroke. The journal also assumes that an Ameri- 
can four would stand no chance even on our own waters. 
How does its editor know? Public performance it is true, 
is an excellent criterion generally, but not when change of 
water makes such a material difference. We have sent 
thoroughbred horses to England, and have been beaten. 
American yachts have crossed the Atlantic and won cups, 
and the best of English yachtsmen have had to acknowledge 
our superiority. The Oxford crew beat the Harvards on 
their own water. The London Rowing Club won the race 
from the Atalantas on their own water. Now it seems to 
us that fairness and justice would be equably carried out 
by the London Rowing Club sending a crew over here next 
spring. We would be willing to guarantee them every 
facility, and what is more, they would be personally sup- 
ported, and every courtesy shown them by all American 
amateur oarsmen; 
‘The next subject of importance in aquatics is a chal- 
lenge from the States. A challenge from this quarter is 
not uncommon, and sometimes amusing. It is, however, 
one that frequently opens portentously, and ends in smoke. 
An American sculler, a good man for the States, named 
Brown, of Walifax, has beaten another sculier, Biglin. 
This Brown is not Walter of that name; who eame over in 
the train of Harvard as aquatic supervisor, but another 
Brown of far higher calibre. Walter came over ostensibly 
to wrest the sceptre of single shell supremacy from Joseph 
Sadler, of Putney, but when he arrived, he paid court not 
to Joseph, but to William Sadler, and after an exciting race 
on the’fyne, in which both men at halfway were so rowed 
out as to forget their own names, the champion of the 
Stars and Stripes won. He tempted fortune no more, and 
returned home a wiser man. The present Brown of our 
story figured in the sculling races two years ago, when 
Sadler swept the board at Saratoga, Halifax, Lochiel, ete., 
and he showed the best style that our men have ever seen 
from the New World. He was sculling them with the 
most primitive machinery, short sculls, rough boat, etc., 
but nevertheless managed to beat H, Kelley and R. Bagnall. 
Some enthusiast in the States suggests a subscription to 
send him over to whip creation, including J. Sadler, our 
present champion; but R. Bagnail, now improved by two 
years, does not see the matter in the same light, and since 
Joseph Sadler does not respond to the offer, he, Bagnall, 
challenges J. Sadler, Brown, or any other man to scull for 
the championship. This must lead at last to something— 
let us hope it will, that Brown will come over, and that he, 
Bagnall, and Sadler, will all three be brought out. 
The next act is also American: Stanley found Living- 
stone, more credit to him! The Graphic inflation burst up, 
so much the worse for the Graphic; and now the originator 
of finding Livingstone has offered a £1,000 cup for a race 
between Harvard, Yale, and a crew from Oxford or Cam- 
bridge. The offer is a very liberal one, but it would be a 
poor speculation: Oxford and Cambridge men would not 
stand the daily interviewing of Mr. Bennett’s organ, even if 
four or six worshippers at the shrine of aquatic notoriety 
could be collected for the journey. From what we have 
seen of American rowing in the Harvard, and latterly the 
Atalanta crew, the £1,000 cup would be simply a matter of 
the journey over there of a good second-rate four; our 
cousins are not sufficiently improved for our first-class men. 
But the time will come if they stick to rowing as heartily 
as they have begun.” 
Sandusky, Ohio, has a machine that beheads, opens and 
dresses from sixty to ninety fish per minute. , 
i 
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