limestone outcrops and deep loess soil, both increasing westerly. 
This type, orig nally all wooded(with the exception of a few bottom- 
Cea 
land prairies on the upper Missis 
93] 
68) 
oo 
tS 
ippi). is now 30% cleared(Telford, 
926) and the remaining 20% is almost all so heavily pastured 
the undergrowth has disappeared and the forest is prevented from re- 
producing when it is cut. This ¢razing out of undergrowth is less 
7 a 
Pr ess a beoae ey. rae Fl 
une stvate,anad in bhe 
as) 
4 
: 
pronounced toward the extreme southern tip oi 
northwest corner. 
Map J shows how nearly universally the larger river bottoms 
have been dyked and drained... .In.19a( ,75% of the total area in"need” 
of drainage (or 14% .0f the state) has been drained (Pickels and Leon- 
ard,1921). The river bottoms must be nearly 90% drained eat this time. 
Clearing,of course,accompanies drainage. 
4 Crops and Industries Affecting Gé (see Map B) 

Dairying predominates in the lake region.Steer and hog feed~ 
ing predominates in all the other’ ty 
Both of these industr to remove game cover,but the lat- 
ter has the offsetting advantage of leaving the corn(either with or 
without the ears) standing over winter in the field to be pastured 
a 
by cattle and hogs. It it were not for this standing corn the entire 
prairie region (over half the state) would already be devoid of game. 
This offsetting advantage is not ne cesserily permagqnent.The advance 
of the corn-borer,pulping markets for cornstalks,or silo developmen 
may,any or all of then, alter: the practice at any time. The restor- 
ation of streambank end fencerow coverts.is therefore in 
gense,an emergency measure. Tf HOt carried cut, and area twice the 
gize of Massachusetts may become entirely*naked during the critical 
winter and spring seasons, and henee not only gameless, but also de- 
void of those song and insectivyorous birds which winter here end de- 
b ie 

