























was formerly had on the Embarras River, but there has been practically 
none since 1919. Shooting on the Ohio and Wabash, which are of second 
rate attractiveness to ducks, seems to be poor, 
ap Jacksnipe.e. Roahen says that jacksnipe are holding up well throughout the 
flooded districts along the Illinois River. Rowan reports them holding up 
fairly well in Boone County and states that they are not hunted hard, It. 
should be remembered,, however, that jacksnipe have lost an even heavier 
proportion of their former range than ducks, and that the persistence of 
fair numbers on'the remaining concentration areas does not necessarily 
constitute evidence of a satisfactory condition. 
Summary, The foregoing paragraphs are intended to give a rough picture of 

the waterfowl situation in Illinois, It was impossible to run down and 
verify all of the facts and opinions cited, Even should some of those facts 
and opinions prove incorrect, however, the situation presents certain un- 
mistakable tendencies which may be stated as follows: 
(1) All waterfowl ground has suffered an enormous shrinkage; much 
greater than even the average sportsman or conservationist realizes, 
(2) The remaining second class grounds have practically lost their 
shooting and their ducks. 
(3) The remaining first class grounds retain their fowl principally 
by baiting, but this is bound to prove self-destructive unless accompanied 
by development of adequate refuges, 
(4) The remaining first class grounds are all in private hands, 
(5) The development of refuges, both public and private, is dis- 
couragingly slow. A welcome exception to this general tendency is the refu- 
ges dedicated by some of the large clubs. The most obvious fundamental 
need is 
