SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS AT MEETINGS. Xlli 
apis found by Zander in diseased bees in Bavaria. 
Microscopic preparations and sketches of the 
parasite, Nosema apis, were also shown, as well as 
healthy bees and combs in contrast. 
Dr. Fantham remarked that the material 
exhibited was obtained from the Cambridge- 
Hertfordshire border, in March, 1911. The 
parasite, Nosema apis, was first found by 
Dr. Fantham and Dr. Annie Porter, in 1906, in 
diseased bees obtained from the Isle of Wight. It 
was again found by them in diseased bees from 
the South of England in 1907, but owing to the 
great difficulty of obtaining material, and to the 
pressure of other work, their results were not 
published. 
The parasite, Nosema apis, is a Protozoén 
forming many minute spores, and belongs to the 
Sporozoa, sub-division Microsporidia. It infests 
the digestive tract of the bee, growing and 
multiplying within the lining epithelium of the 
gut (especially the chyle-stomach and intestine), 
causing a sort of dry dysentery. In the opinion 
of Dr. Fantham and Dr. Porter this micro- 
sporidian parasite has been responsible for much 
of the bee disease recorded in England (especially 
in the Isle of Wight and the South) since 1906. 
The minute spores, about 2u by 54, are 
formed in large numbers in infected bees, and 
foul the hives. These spores are very resistant, 
and are the cross-infective stages of the Protozoén. 
The parasite, Nosema apis, is closely allied to 
that of pébrine, the silkworm disease due to 
Nosema bombycis, which caused such ravages in 
France years ago. 
