New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 145 
(3) To what extent will the benefits of spraying one season in- 
fluence the crop of the next season? 
Again, satisfactory answers were obtained. It was decided that 
the least number of sprayings which may be relied upon to control 
scab on susceptible varieties is three. The first of these should be 
made after the buds break, but before blossoming; the second, im- 
mediately after blossoming; and the third, from ten to fourteen 
days after the second. 
Although there had been no trouble in 1893, much russeting of 
the fruit resulted from spraying in 1894 and a considerable study 
of it was made. 
As regards the third question, it was found that pear trees which 
had been sprayed in 1893, and thereby protected from scab, gave 
no larger yield in 1894 than trees which had not been sprayed in 
1893. However, this does not prove that spraying was not beneficial 
to the trees, because the sprayed trees entered the experiment at a 
disadvantage, having borne, in 1893, three times as much fruit as 
the unsprayed trees. 
These experiments established the treatment for pear scab in New 
York. Essentially the same treatment is in general use at the pres- 
ent time. 7 
The experiments in preventing leaf diseases of nursery stock in 
western New York conducted by the United States Department of 
Agriculture in cooperation with this Station included some experi- 
ments on the control of pear leaf blight'*? in nurseries. These ex- 
periments were made in 1891 and 1892 and the results published 
in the Eleventh Annual Report. In the experiments on pear 
stocks!*? bordeaux mixture proved superior to the ammoniacal solu- 
tion of copper carbonate and was entirely efficacious. On pear seed- 
lings'** a comparative test was made of twenty-five spray mixtures 
—compounds of copper, iron and zinc. Bordeaux mixture was 
not included. Most of them were untried as fungicides. Six appli- 
cations were made with each of them, and there was sufficient leaf 
blight to give them a thorough test; but only a few gave results 
which would warrant further trial. None prevented leaf blight 
entirely. | 
Some other pear troubles studied at the Station are the follow- 
* Entomosporium maculatum Lévy. 
™ Rpt. 11:643-652 (1893); same in Jour. Mycol. 7:241-247. 
** Rpt. 11:673-677; a more complete account in Jour. Mycol. 7:338-351. 
