14 LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
mordial utricle, called by Von Mobhl, protoplasm; the 
primordial utricle itself in Negeli’s sense of the term, viz. 
the layer of protoplasm next to the cell-wall; the trans- 
parent semi-fluid matter in the spaces and intervals between 
the threads and walls of those ‘spaces formed by the 
so-called vacuolation of protoplasmic masses; the nucleus 
and nucleoli of vegetable cells; chlorophyll and similar 
bodies which grow by subdivision or form starch (Stras- 
burger) ; the greater part of the sarcode of the Monera, 
Rhizopoda, and other low organisms; the so-called nucleus 
of the secreting cells, and of the tissues of higher animals 
and many plants; the white blood corpuscles, pus cor- 
puscles, and other naked wandering masses of living 
matter; the nuclei of the cells of the grey matter of the 
brain, spinal marrow and ganglia, and the nuclei of 
nerve-fibre. 
On the other hand, the term germinal or lving matter, 
or bioplasm, or protoplasm, if that is to be accepted as the 
universal name of the ideal living matter, can never be 
correctly applied to the following substances, although 
this error has been committed in respect to some of them, 
viz.:—The cell-wall of plants and animals, however 
delicate and gelatinous; the threads* or filaments and 
* More recent observations show that certain parts of the vegetable cell, 
which may be described as bands and threads really belong to the living matter. 
Hanstein describes the different parts of the primordial utricle as connected 
along and across the inner space by bands and threads of the same nature as 
itself, He directs attention to the continual movements going on in the living 
cell, not only the streams and currents of the liquid parts, but of the protoplasm 
itself. ‘The whole system of all these segments is in the act of constant 
pushing and change of position, the bands glide hither and thither, vanish 
into the utricle which surrounds them, and new ones arise from it; the 
primordial utricle itself displaces its parts and exchanges substance with the 
bands and glides, not only partially but as a whole, along the walls of its 
containing structure. Nothing appears stable as regards form and mass. 
Even the outline and the inner arrangement of the nucleus, which is pro- 

