TERMINOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PLANTS. 115 
gynosporangia (ovules) and androsporangia (anther lobes). 
The gynosporangium forms one gynospore (embryosac); 
the androsporangium produces many androspores (young 
pollen grains), which produce respectively female and male 
gamophytes, forming ovaria and spermaria respectively. 
In such a form as Fucus we find the ovum (oosphere) 
produced in a simple stalked ovarium (oogonium), 
fertilized by a sperm (spermatozoid), produced in a 
spermarium (antheridium), the result being an embryo 
(oospore). The embryo, however, does not produce a 
sporophyte, but a gamophyte, which recommences the 
cycle. The absence of the asexual generation is to be 
accounted for by the large number of ova and sperms, the 
certainty of their conjugation, and the nature of the 
medium (sea water) in which the Fucacee live rendering 
special precautions (in the shape of spores) for the main- 
tenance of tribal life unnecessary. 
Contrasting this with the life-history of the Fungi, we 
observe that the restricted nature of the food supply 
necessitates special provision for the maintenance of tribal 
life necessary. Many spores are lost, but the number 
formed is enormous. Had the fungus to depend on 
embryos (sexually-produced plants) for multiplication, 
not only would much more time and energy be required 
for their formation, but fewer would be formed, and the 
chances of all the embryos reaching a suitable soil or 
medium would be immensely fewer. 
The Zygomycetes possess neither ova nor sperms. 
The ovarium (club-shaped hypha) itself fuses with the 
spermarium (antheridial branch), forming an embryo 
(zygospore). The embryo in germinating forms a sporo- 
phyte (mycelium) which carries sporangia (gonidiophores) 
bearing spores (gonidia). That the sporangium is some- 
times only a stalk with spores freely exposed is merely a 
