times pink tinged, 1 inch long, resembling a tur- 
tle’s head. Damp, sunny sites, attain 1-3 ft. 
Twayblade. Liparis loeselii. Tiny orchid of damp soil 
and shade. Blossoms up a stem 3-6 in. tall, two ba- 
sal leaves similar to pink ladyslipper. Not a con- 
spicuous plant, but interesting to orchid fans and 
wild garden hobbyists. 
Violet, Canada. Viola canadensis. One of our tallest 
violets, sweet scented, light purple outside, white 
inside. Partial shade to sun; 5-15 in. tall. 
Violet, Downy Yellow. Viola pubescens. Leaves are 
downy beneath, golden yellow flowers, plant 6-12 
in. tall. Dry shady sites, rock gardens. 
Violet, Palmate-leaved.. Viola palmata. Unusually 
deep lobed leaves for a violet plant. Flowers 
bright light violet and fairly large. Dry eee 
shade or sun. 
Wood Betony. Pedicularis canadensis. Feather- 
shaped leaves, often dull magenta, rather close 
to the ground. Flowers two-lipped, in terminal 
clusters up stem, magenta, yellow tipped. Sun or 
partial shade. 
FERNS 
Beech Fern, Broad. Dryopteris hexagonoptera. 
Winged woodfern. Triangular fronds. Shade or 
partial shade, damp to dryer sites, neutral soil. 
Height 12-18 in. 
Bladder, Berry. Cystopteris bulbifera. Brookside, 
damp shade. Graceful, slender fern, 2-3 ft., half 
reclining. 
Bladder, Fragile, Brittle Fern. Cystopteris fragilis. 
More delicate than above, and about one third in 
size. Dormant in August, new shoots in fall. An 
early fern, loves recks. 
Chain Fern. Woodwardia areolata. Medium-sized 
fern, prefers moist sites, either sun or shade, has 
chain-like root development. 
Christmas Fern. Polystichum acrostichoides. Ever- 
