BLACKBERRY, DEWBERRY, YOUNGBERRY 
Plant 3 to 4 ft. apart, rows 4to6 ft. apart—1800 
to 8500 per acre. Prune as illustrated below. Each 
year, after fruit is all picked, cut old canes 
(branches) off at ground and burn. New growth 
should be cut off about 3 ft. high to encourage side 
branches. Keep plants in rows removing all sucker 
plants. These varieties are inclined to spread out 
quite close to the ground. For best fruit and easy 
picking, tie canes to wire fence, stakes, or trellis. 
4 to 6 strong canes (branches) make finest plant. 
Plant in protected situation and mulch well for 
these varieties require winter protection in severe 
climates. 
GOOSEBERRIES AND CURRANTS 
Plant 3 to 5 ft. apart. When planting, cut off 4 to 
6 inches above ground as pictured on page 8. Af- 
ter second year, keep bush thinned by cutting out 
part of 1,2,and3 year old growth and all branches 
more than 8 years old. 
Cultivation and Fertilization for All the Brambles 
Thorough cultivation is one of the essentials of 
successful berry growing. Cultivation should begin 
as earlyin the spring as the ground can be worked 
to advantage, and should be repeated often enougn 
to destroy weeds and suckers. Cultivation is usually 
discontinued when harvest begins. Late cultiva- 
tion is not to be encouraged, because it induces a 
succulent, immature growth that will be suscep- 
tible to winter injury. 
On soils that lack humus and where cane growth 
is unsatisfactory, nitrate of soda or sulfate of am- 
monia would be beneficial. An application of 300 or 
400 pounds to the acre, or 6 pounds to 100 feet of 
row, is suggested. This should be applied in the 
spring of the year as the buds are showing green. 
If used later when the shoots are coming up, burn- 
ing will result unlesscare it takento keep it away 
from the green and tender parts. 
BOYSENBERRY 
Plant Boysenberries 3 to 4 feet apart with the 
rows 4 to 6 feet apart. Let the plants trail on the 
ground the first season. In the fall trim back about 
half of the new growth. Cover that remaining 
with straw or leaves for winter protection. In the 
spring, train plants to a trellis and handle there- 
after just as you would grapes. 
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