INSTINCT AND INTELLIGENCE IN BIRDS 133 
formance was given on level ground, or an incline, and whether facing 
the observer or away from him, though with variable movements in many 

Fie, 31. Five KINGFISHERS ABOUT TWENTY-THREE DAYS OLD, removed from under- 
ground and placed in line, to illustrate habit of keeping still, and of walking back- 
wards. 

Hic, 32. THE SAME KINGFISHERS one minute after the position assumed in 
Fig. 31 was photographed, showing that Nos. 1 and 5 have each taken a few back- 
ward steps, while the pose of Nos. 2 to 4 has not appreciably changed, 
cases. When placed in head-to-tail line, and in contact, the line would 
remain unbroken for a surprising length of time, with hardly the turn 
of a head, which seems to be due to their habit of sitting still, with 
