528 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 
the party emerged from the forest into the open country. The greatest 
difficulty and peril was lack of food, which can not be carried in suffi- 
cient quantities to sustain the entire journey. 
In January, 1909, a very important exploration was made by Gov- 
ernor Bryant, escorted by Captain Hunt with a detachment of soldiers, 
and accompanied by Mr. Murphy and Dr. M. L. Miller, chief of the 
ethnological survey. The party left Dupah, January 7, and traversed 
the wholly unknown country lying to the southwest. The course of 
the wild gorge of the “ Kaseknan ” river, the head of the Kagayan, was 
developed, several important communities of Ilongot were discovered 
and visited without hostilities and the first knowledge obtained of 
much of this region. After struggling for ten days with the difficulties 
of jungle, ravine and densely covered mountains, the party reached 
Baler on the Pacific coast. 
In May, 1909, the writer, accompanied by Lieutenant Coon and six 
native soldiers, reached a small community of Llongot east of Panta- 
bangan, called “ Patakgao.” This community seemed to be composed 
of renegades and outlaws from several other communities. Certainly 
their hand was against every man. ‘They were charged by a small 
group of Ilongot living near Pantabangan with the murder of two of 
their number a few weeks earlier and they themselves professed to be 
harried and persecuted by unfriendly Ilongot to the north and east of 
them. They had wounds to exhibit received in a chance fray a few days 
before with a hunting party from near Baler. Altogether, their way- 
ward and hazardous life was a most interesting exhibit of the anarchy 
and retaliation that reign in primitive Malayan communities which are 
totally “in want of a common judge with authority.” A series of 
measurements was obtained by me at Patagkao and vocabulary and 
notes extended. 
With the above remarks as to what has been accomplished in throw- 
ing light upon these people some description of them will be given. 
For information of their location and condition I am indebted to 
several others, and particularly to Mr. Murphy, otherwise the facts are 
the results of my own investigation. 
Ilongot can not be said to live in villages, for their houses are not 
closely grouped, but are scattered about within hallooing distance on 
the slopes of cafions where clearings have been made. Lach little 
locality has its name and is usually occupied by families with blood or 
social ties between them, and several such localities within a few hours’ 
travel of one another form a friendly group. Outside of this group all 
other Ilongot as well as all other peoples are blood enemies, to be 
hunted, murdered and decapitated as occasion permits. 
The most considerable body of Ilongot appears to be those living 
east of the towns of Nueva Vizcaya from Mount Palali south, along a 
high-wooded range to the district of “ Biruk,” nearly east of Karanglan. 
