THE ILONGOT OR IBILAO OF LUZON 537 
regular shape like a ray of lightning; many were bunches of shavings, 
singularly suggestive of the prayer sticks of the Ainu. 
The language of the Ilongot is predominantly Malayan. It con- 
tains a large bulk of words identical or related to the surrounding 
Malayan tongues. There are a few Sanskrit or Indian words, “ pagi” 
(palay, “paddy,” the unhulled rice) and “pana” for arrow, both 
words widely diffused in Malaysia. But besides, there is a doubtful 
element which does not seem to be Malayan; at least no similar words 
or roots occur in any of the other vocabularies of primitive peoples of 
northern Luzon collected by me. The Ilongot continually makes use 
of a short i, which sometimes becomes the German sound ii as in 
“buh diik,” a flower. These sounds can not be imitated by the Chris- 
tian people in contact with them. This is a condition similar to what 
we find in Negrito speech, where, with a preponderance of terms occur- 
ring in Malayan languages, are often a number of totally distinct and 
usually eccentric words and sounds. 
Finally, it is manifest that the Ilongot are a problem to the govern- 
ment of the islands. What is to be done with such people as these? 
They can not be allowed to continue, as they have done, to harass and 
murder the peaceful population of Nueva Ecija, northern Pangasinan 
and Nueva Vizcaya. Some means must be found to restrain them. 
Humanity does not permit their extermination. Steps are now being 
taken to do something to get them in hand. The exploring parties 
above referred to have opened the way. The communities organized 
under teachers of the Bureau of Education seem to promise something 
as well. Last fall when I left the islands search was being made for 
the right sort of an American teacher to put in charge of school inter- 
ests at Baler, with jurisdiction over the [ongot villages appurtenant 
thereto. The people of Patakgao since my visit have accepted an invi- 
tation, then made, to send their young men and boys to the barrio of 
San Juan, a village in the mountains back of Pantabangan, where a 
school is conducted and where several of these youth are now living in 
charge of a native man in whom the Ilongot have confidence. The 
Bureau of Education meets the slight expenses of this educational 
experiment. ‘This work of social development, here as in a thousand 
similar places in the Philippines, will be best done by the American 
teacher, but the task is inviting only to the man in whom the spirit of 
youth and adventure and fascination with human problems runs strong. 
Mr. Murphy’s last report concluded, “I believe the schools can do 
these people a great amount of good and solve the government’s worst 
problems. The work, however, is dangerous, as the man who under- 
takes it has no protection but his own diplomacy in handling the 
people. If trouble comes it will be from the young bucks, desirous 
of gaining a reputation.” 
VOL. LXXVII.—37. 
