26 HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 

FRUIT SPRAY CHART 
SPRAYING—The amateur home gardener will find that one 
or more of the recently introduced preparations now on the mar- 
ket are practical to use. Nearly every type necessary is sold in 
convenient packages sufficiently large to keep the garden well 
sprayed for the entire season. The directions for use are plainly 
marked on all packages. To produce the highest results, spray- 
ing is of vital importance. 
There are two distinct groups of insects—those known as the 
chewing or biting, and the sucking. The chewing insects are 
beetles, and worms that damage plants by eating holes into the 
leaves, unopened buds, and flower petals. To combat this type 
it is necessary to use some form of stomach poison spray, such as 
arsenate of lead, paris green or black arrow. 
Sucking insects are those that do damage by sucking nourish- 
ment from the leaves, causing them to curl, wither and eventually 
drop. Some form of contact spray is necessary. For these pests, 
there are several forms of nicotine solutions commonly used, such 
as black leaf 40, black arrow dust, Jime sulphur wash. 
Diseases such as blight, fungus, rot, scab, etc., are combatted 
mostly by the use of a fungicide either Bordeaux Mixture or 
Lime Sulphur. 
The most important and most effective winter spray is Lime 
Sulphur Spray. It will act as a beneficial cleanser for almost all 
trees. Used when the trees are fully dormant, it is easily applied, 
and fully effectual if done at all carefully, because no foliage ob- 
structs a thorough covering of all parts of the branches and in- 
dividual buds. It is the only effective spray for the eradication 
of blister mite on pears, the curl disease on peaches and all the 
various scale insects affecting our different fruit trees. 
~ YOUR SPECIAL ATTENTION REQUESTED PLEASE 
SCALE plays a very treacherous part on fruit trees, including 
Espalier Fruit trees. Through our many years of experimenting, 
we discovered scale to be the major cause for the death of 90% 
of ail fruit trees. 
It is easily recognized by its round or oyster-shaped shells on 
the bark or branches which spreads and smothers the breathing 
pores upon which the tree depends to inhale during the winter 
months. This scale protects the small live eggs beneath it which 
survive throughout the winter by sucking the sap from the tree. 
The sap, which is the blood of the tree, when withdrawn, event- 
ually kills the tree. 
Scale is very injurious to the life of fruit trees, and we 
strongly urge you to rid of scale at first appearance. Scale forms 
only during the growing season. It is caused by neighboring 
plants such as ivy, pachysandra, evvonymous, lilac and other 
shrubs which are great carriers of scale. Although scale does 
total damage to a tree, the amateur will find it very easy to over- 
come. 
If signs of scale appear on a tree that is leafed out, the most 
urgent thing to do is to control its spread by riding of the scale 
which protects the eggs over the winter period, and since no 
scale will develop over winter, these eggs will not be able to 
protect themselves and they will be checked. To destroy them, 
take a piece of burlap and rub off the scale as though you were 
giving the branches a shoe shine. Be sure to get between the 
twigs, crotches, and angles of the limbs where scale is most dan- 
gerous to the welfare of the tree. If you find the burlap diffi- 
cult to use at certain places, then use a tooth brush with firm or 
stiff bristles. This procedure will eradicate the scale but will 
not kill the eggs entirely. 
Then, in the spring, to kill all the eggs, use a Lime Sulphur 
Spray. This should be applied just before vegetation starts, to be 
effective. Lime sulphur should be applied on a clear sunny day 
when there is no danger of freezing. Lime sulphur should not be 
applied on a freezing day because it will freeze to the bark and 
will not kill the eggs alone, but also injures the bark. ’ To be 
guided accordingly, apply the spray on a mild day when the sun 
will dry it quickly. This is the best spray for scale. 
