32 HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 

2. Wire or wires (depending upon the number of horizontal 
leaders) should be placed behind each horizontal leader. 
3. Run wire horizontally and attach to posts by means of 
hook nails. 
4. Tie leaders to wire with raffia or tarred twine.. 
5. Horizontal Cordons should be planted at a distance of 15 
feet apart from each other to obtain best results. 
To Support a Single Tree Against a Wall or in the Open— 
Other than wire supports, a trellis of wooden laths can also 
be used for support. The trellis made with 2 inch laths nailed 
together in the form of squares somewhat like a checker board, 
and painted green or white will make a very attractive back- 
ground. The leaders are fastened to the trellis with raffia, wil- 
low or tarred twine. 
Fastening—Fan Shaped Espaliers— 
1. From the center or trunk of the tree, mark off 8 feet on 
either side. Then drive spikes into the wall. Place spikes at a 
distance of 18 inches apart. Wire should be stretched length- 
wise, passing in front of the tree branches and attached to the 
spikes. 
Planting a Belgian Fence— 
1. Plant trees at a distance of exactly 2 feet apart from 
each other in order to obtain perfect square with the branches. 
(It is perfectly alright to plant a Belgian Fence with trees spaced 
3 feet apart from each other. This type of planting will give an 
oblique effect rather than a diamond lattice pattern. ) 
2. Plant the trees so that the graft comes one inch above 
the surface. 
3. The clutch of each tree should be set all on the same 
level or parallel line. This step is most essential since the per- 
fection of the entire lattice work is based upon this one funda- 
mental. 
4. Should a clutch of a tree come higher than necessary, plant 
the tree deeper in the ground until the clutch is adjusted to match 
the other trees. 
5. Drive posts into the ground of either cedar or pipe. One 
at each end of thé row of planting. The posts should be as high 
as you wish the planting to ultimately reach. String horizontally 
three rows of galvanized wire and attach to the posts. The first 
wire should be 18 inches from the ground. The second wire 
should be one foot above the fiist wire. The third wire should 
be one foot above the second wire. Fasten wire to posts. (If cedar 
posts are used, hook nails are used to hold wire securely to 
posts.) Then tie branches to wire with raffia. 
5b. Or, have supports made to order from your local black- 
smith. Iron rods, the thickness of a pencil are shaped and sold- 
e.ed together to match the individual tree. One is placed be- 
hind each tree. The branches are tied to the rods with taffia. 
This method of support is an expensive proposition, but it gives 
an extremely neat effect since all the’ framework is hidden from 
view. 8 
6. As a general rule, a Belgian Fence in time will ultimately 
attain a height of 15 feet if allowed its own way. But, the Fence 
may be kept within limited height. As soon as the trees have 
grown their leaders to the desired height, train the tops by bend- 
ing slowly into horizontal position, giving the fence that finished 
effect. After leaders are bent to position, tie them to their sup- 
ports with. raffia. 
Pruning Vertical Branched Espalier Trees—Apple, Pear, Plum, 
Cherry— 8 
All side shoots longer than 4 inches should be cut back during 
the summer to 4 inches. But, should bearing spurs appear on a 
side shoot which is longer than: 4 inches, don’t prune that shoot, 
but allow it to bear the fruit-first, for it takes 3 years for a tree 
to produce a single bearing spur... This pruning should be: done 
about once a month during July, August and September, 





