36 HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 

RASPBERRIES 
Should be planted four feet apart each way. In training, al- 
low only a few canes to grow from each plant, cutting away 
all suckers to throw the strength into the stalks for bearing; all 
old canes should be removed when the bearing season is over. 
A good graveliy soil, or a deep moist loam is generally con- 
sidered best ror the raspberry, yet the plants do well on light or 
even sandy loam, and on such soil the fruit will ripen some days 
earlie,. The red varieties should not be placed on hard, clayey 
land, nor on low, wet soil. The black varieties do very well on 
claying soil. 
Newly set plants should be hoed or cultivated quite frequent- 
ly, especiaily early in the season, as it is important that a good 
staic should be obtained the first year. It is important that all 
weeds shou.d be kept down the first as well as the following 
seasons. Cultivate very shallow to prevent injury to the roots. 
Old stable manure is the best fertilizer for general use. On 
light soils it is best to apply it as a mulch. 
The first season only two or three shoots or canes should be 
allowed to grow from each root or hill. In midsummer, when 
the canes have reached a height of about two feet, the top should 
be pinched off with the thumb and finger. This will cause the 
canes to throw out lateials. These branches should likewise 
be cut back when they have made a growth of about one foot 
from the canes. If this summer pruning is neglected until the 
bushes get to be three or four feet high, shears should be used 
to cut them back to within two and one-half feet of the ground. 
It is not necessary to head in all varieties during the summer. 
Some prefer driving a stake in each hill to which the bushes 
can be tied to keep them from dropping to the ground when 
fruiting. The bushes can be allowed to grow, and in the late 
fall the surplus suckers and the old fruit canes can be cut out, 
and the suckers that are left for the next year’s crop cut back to 
w.thin two and one-half feet of the ground. 
CURRANTS 
Curants should be planted four feet apart. Sawdust should 
be used as a mulch. The currant flour.shes in almost every 
kind of soil, but to have the fruit in perfection, plant in rich, 
deep soil, and give good annual pruning and cultivation. When 
plants are grown as stools or bunches the older and feebler 
suckers should be cut out, such as crowd the plant. 
STRAWBERRIES 
They do best on soil of light sandy loam, retaining the sum- 
mer moisture easily is best. Old soil, may be improved by the 
plowing of green crop, wheat, clover or vegetables. If the soil 
is not already rich, it may be made so with well rotted manure. 
The hoe must be used freely, not only to keep the weeds out, 
bu: to have always a layer of finely pulverized soil as a mulch 
on the top. In early winter when the ground is frozen, cover 
the whole with long straw, which should be removed from the 
plant in the spring but allowed to remain between the rows as 
a mulch to keep the berries clean next summer. By planting 
alternate rows of two different varieties, one will enjoy a larger 
and better crop of luscious berries every year. 




