340 
common among the abundant rock-shells cast up on the 
shore, we collected only two tiny 7. jourdani. We con- 
cluded, therefore, that this rare species lives at a greater 
depth than 7. stamineus, hence the gulls cannot get them, 
and they are but seldom washed up. Dr. Torr explored the 
reefs in water up to his breast, secured by a safety-line to 
prevent him from being carried away by the undertow of the 
swell; but though 7. stamineus was obtained in abundance, 
not a single example of 7. jourdani was taken. This deeper 
habitat probably accounts for its rarity in collections. 
Since writing the above Mrs. J. F. Irvine, of Ingle- 
side, Tasmania, tells me she has two fairly good specimens, 
sent to her some years ago by Captain Irvine. They came 
from Rottnest Island, off the western coast of Western Aus- 
tralia. Dr. Torr also informs me that an individual was 
taken alive by Mr. Kopp, when he was keeper of the light- 
house at Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, at low tide, between 
Cape Borda and Snug Cove, on the shore of Investigator 
Strait. 
The operculum was unknown to Kiener. It is of an 
oval shape, paucispiral, the largest having only five whorls, 
with the nucleus at a distance from the wider end of about 
one-fifth of the long diameter, proportionately much nearer 
the margin than in any other of our Turbos. The internal 
surface is slightly concave, with a low rounded cushion where 
the new spiral touches the old; beyond this is a shallow, 
rapidly-widening, slightly spiral depression, extending to the 
border. The external surface is smooth and polished. One 
margin, in an example 81 mm. in its long diameter, is 16 mm. 
in thickness, and the opposite is 5 mm., with a gradual slope 
between. A low spiral fulness runs obliquely across the 
outer face corresponding with the depression on the other 
side. 
Philippi, in Zeit. fur Malak, 1846, p. 98, gives the 
locality as “The Colony of Adelaide, New Holland.” 
occurs all along our South Australian coastline, as would 
be expected since it is found in Victoria, and in Western 
Australia as far round as Swan River (Sowerby). It has 
been dredged alive in 12, 13, 15, and 16 fathoms in Inves- 
tigator Strait and in the open sea outside Backstairs Passage. 
The operculum is elliptical and thick, paucispiral, with a 
chitinous layer on its inner surface. The outer surface is 
smooth, but shows some curved earlike processes, similar to 
but not nearly so valid as those found on the opercula of 
T. stamineus. 
Turbo gruneri, Philippi. Pl. xviii., f. 36, 37. S96 
ype 
It 
