666 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
Actitis hypoleucos (Linné). Common Sandpiper 
Tringa hypoleucos Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 149, 1758: Sweden. 
Length 6 inches; olive green above, the scapulars and wing-coverts finely barred with blackish 
and buff; below white, throat dusky at sides, its middle area finely streaked; an indistinct eye 
stripe, bill blackish, feet olive green. 
This sandpiper will doubtless be found to occur at all seasons of the year, but 
those seen in summer are probably non-breeding birds. Biittikofer observed it 
throughout the year and secured various specimens. On the Du he met with 
single birds as far up as the falls as well as on all the other rivers visited. Lowe 
took a specimen at Subono and Chubb (1905) mentions specimens from eastern 
Liberia. We occasionally saw single individuals in suitable places along the 
larger streams or on the edges of brooks in open spots. An adult male taken on 
the Du, August 5, had very small testes. An adult female was shot October 11 
at Paiata on the upper St. Paul’s. Kemp (1905) records it from the interior of 
Sierra Leone. 
Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus). Greenshank 
Scolopax nebularius Gunnerus, in Leem, Beskr. Finm. Lapp., p. 251, 1767: Norway. 
A large sandpiper, bill about 2 inches long, grayish brown above, wing-coverts and tertials 
edged with a series of dark spots; rump white; upper tail-coverts white, barred terminally with 
dusky; lower surfaces white (winter plumage); bill and feet grayish green. Europe, wintering 
in Africa, and eastern Asia. 
Biittikofer (1885) found this one of the commonest wintering species of 
shorebird in Liberia, along the shores of Fisherman Lake, the Marfa River, 
and the Barguay River, but it apparently does not occur at any distance from the 
coast. In addition to birds, usually pairs, seen in October (probably first ar- 
rivals), he also found it present in December, January, and July, though in the 
latter case they must have been immature or non-breeding birds. On the Bar- 
guay River he found it in large flocks. Stampfli shot one October 29 on the Junk 
River, and Mr. M. A. Cheek presented us with one shot near Monrovia, Novem- 
ber 6. 
Numenius phaeopus phaeopus (Linné). Whimbrel 
Scolopax phaeopus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 146, 1758: Sweden. 
Large, length about 20 inches, with long, down-curved bill; chin, rump, belly, and under tail- 
coverts white, back mottled dark brown and clay color, wings barred with whitish; throat and 
breast buff streaked with dark brown. South in winter throughout Africa. 
This is the only curlew known to occur in Liberia, where it is a winter resident 
in suitable localities on the coast. We did not meet with it on the rivers inland, 
but Biittikofer (1885, 1888) found it common at Fisherman Lake and on the 
Marfa River wherever large sand banks are present, and again on the sand and 
mud banks of the Junk River at ebb tide. Although he adds that it is common 
throughout the year, it must be that the summering individuals are immature 
non-breeding birds. On the adjacent coasts of Sierra Leone, Thompson (1925) 
found it common during the winter months. 
