ENTOMOLOGY 881 
Enderlein overlooked Coquillett’s selection of the type species for both 
Philoliche Wiedemann and Nuceria Walker, which makes his genus Nuceria an 
exact synonym of Philoliche. 
Philoliche rostrata (Linnaeus) does not appear to be strictly congeneric 
with the genotype of Pangonius Latreille, which by designation of Latreille 
(1810) and Coquillett (1910) is Tabanus proboscideus Fabricius, 1794 (= Pan- 
gonia maculata Fabricius, 1805), and Enderlein is probably right in restricting 
Pangonius to the Palaearctic species. 
Of the Ethiopian species generally placed in Pangonia, those with bare eyes 
and the first posterior cell normally closed far before the margin of the wing 
appear to form four fairly natural groups: 
(1) Tabanus rostratus Linnaeus and allied species have the face of the female 
strongly swollen beneath the antennae and produced into a snout. They differ, 
moreover, from Pangonius, proper, in lacking the ocelli, while in some species, 
such as 7’. rostratus, the fore tarsi of the male have the apices of the first and 
second segments produced into lappet-like processes. If this group be regarded 
as a distinct genus, it should be called Philoliche. 
(2) Pangonia zonata Walker and allied species differ also from Pangonius, 
proper, in lacking the ocelli, but the face is merely convex beneath the an- 
tennae, not conspicuously snout-like. So far as known, the males of this group 
do not have the lappet-like processes of the fore tarsi found in 7’. rostratus. 
For this group the generic name Stenophara Enderlein might perhaps be retained. 
(3) A compact group of three or four South African species agree in most 
respects with Stenophara; but the fork of the third longitudinal vein not only 
bears an appendix to the upper branch, but the lower branch also is provided 
with a much shorter appendix projecting in the second submarginal cell. Ender- 
lein used the generic name Philoliche for this group; but if one follows Coquil- 
lett’s selections of genotypes, that name must be applied to the group of Tabanus 
rostratus. The additional stump of vein does not seem of sufficient value to 
warrant the creation of a new generic or subgeneric term and I leave these 
species provisionally in Stenophara. 
(4) A number of species show the same differences from Pangonius, proper, as 
the group here called Stenophara, but they have the fourth posterior cell also 
closed far before the margin and the wings are rather short and broad, with 
bluntly rounded apex. For this group Austen has proposed the generic name 
Dorcaloemus. 
Having been able to examine only a few of the many Ethiopian species that 
might be brought in the foregoing four groups, I cannot decide whether the 
above arrangement corresponds to a natural grouping or is merely artificial. 
I am rather inclined to the latter view. The swelling of the face appears to show 
all stages from being merely convex (as in Pangonia ramulifera Loew) to strongly 
snout-like (as in 7'abanus rostratus Linnaeus). It is evidently correlated with the 
length of the proboscis and, like that character, purely adaptive. Enderlein 
places Pangonia infusca Austen and Pangonia oldi Austen in his genus Nuceria 
(which corresponds to my Philoliche), although both species are undoubtedly 
