890 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
of more than specific value.! Kréber (1927, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., LIU, pp. 
182 and 197) has attempted to characterize this group by the relative length 
of the branches and basal stalk of the third longitudinal vein. He writes that in 
C. laniger, the genotype of Ziemannia, the basal stalk is hardly longer than the 
discal cell and only about two-thirds of the length of the branches. In the series 
of C. laniger before me the difference in length, although quite distinct, is not as 
pronounced as described and figured by Kréber: the lower branch is hardly 
longer than the stem-vein, but the upper branch is distinctly so. This character 
is altogether too trifling to be of more than specific value. 
Kleineana Enderlein was likewise based upon the eyes of the male, which 
are described as rather broadly separated by the frons, the facets being all of 
about equal size. This character is hardly more than specific and is found in 
such totally unrelated species as Chrysops longicornis Macquart and Chrysops 
brucei Austen. On the other hand, Chrysops dispar (Fabricius), which I regard as 
nearly allied to Chrysops longicornis, has the eyes of the male completely holop- 
tic, with very unequal facets. Nevertheless, since the genotype, C. longicornis, 
possesses all the characters of Neochrysops Szilady, the name Kleineana may be 
retained in a subgeneric sense for that group, as indicated above.’ 
Nemorius Rondani and Turanochrysops are based solely upon the absence of 
dark markings in the wings, a character which in itself is unimportant. In cer- 
tain North American species, such as C. nigribimbo Whitney, the dark markings 
show a distinct tendency to fade out.? The absence of facial calli in Nemorius 
is likewise of not more than specific value, since they are lacking in several 
typical species of Chrysops, such as C. laniger Loew. Haemophila Kriechbaumer 
and Haematophila Verrall are synonyms of Nemorius, having the same genotype. 
Neochrysops Walton, based upon a North American species, is very doubt- 
fully valid as a subgenus, the characters on which it was based being, taken 
individually, hardly more than specific. Only one specimen is known. I sug- 
gest that the peculiarly inflated abdomen was abnormal, perhaps due to infes- 
tation with a parasitic worm (Mermis). The very long appendix to the fork of 
the third longitudinal vein is the most unusual feature of Neochrysops. 
Nemorius and Neochrysops not being represented in the Ethiopian Region, 
the thirty-five described species from that area (including four from Madagas- 
car) may be arranged into two groups as follows: 
1. Subgenus Chrysops, proper. — Antennae of moderate length, at most as 
long as the dorsum of the thorax, the first segment often thicker than the second. 
Fore tibiae rarely swollen. More thickset species. (Syn.: Ziemannia Enderlein 
1 Kréber’s statement that C. funebris Austen and C. distinctipennis Austen would also belong in 
Ziemannia, owing to the structure of the eyes in the males, is incorrect. The males of these two species 
have the eyes distinctly separated by the frons, exactly as in their near relatives, C. longicornis Macquart 
and C. stigmaticalis Loew. 
2 I cannot understand Enderlein’s statement that the broadly separated eyes of the male isolate 
Kleineana entirely among the Tabanidae. There are several other cases of completely separated eyes in 
that sex in this family. 
3 Chrysops hyalinus Shannon ( = C. vitripennis Shannon; C. claripennis Kréber), of North America 
shows absolutely no relationship with C. vitripennis Meigen. After an examination of the type, I ain 
inclined to believe that it may have been based upon an abnormal specimen of C. nigribimbo, in which 
the wings were accidentally wholly clear. 
