976 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
phant, Loxvodonta africana (Blumenbach), of which this bot is a specific parasite. 
Gedoelst (1923) mentions larvae supposedly from a rhinoceros, but I suspect 
that this record was based upon an error in labelling the specimens. 
The earliest mention of these parasites is by Cobbold, 1866, ‘Catalogue of 
the Specimens of Entozoa in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons,’ 
p. 24, where we read: ‘Two bots removed, with several others, from the stomach 
of a female elephant in Africa. Presented by Dr. J. Kirk, F. L. 8.” No further 
information is given, but the very same specimens were described and figured by 
R. Blanchard (1893, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, LXII, Bull. Séances, pp. cxxx— 
exxxil, fig. 4), who recognized that they belonged to the genus Cobboldia and that 
they were specifically distinct from those of the Indian species, C. elephantis 
(Steel). In 1916, Gedoelst proposed the name C. parumspinosa for these larvae 
obtained by Kirk, but in 1923 he recognized that they were identical with 
those of C. loxodontis (Brauer). 
C. lorodontis appears to be generally distributed in tropical Africa, wherever 
elephants are still found in the wild state. It has been recorded from Liberia, the 
Ivory Coast, the Gold Coast, the region of Lake Chad, the Belgian Congo, 
Uganda, Abyssinia, Tanganyika Territory, the Zambesi Valley, and the Cape 
Province. 
Rodhainomyia chrysidiformis (Rodhain and Bequaert) 
Cobboldia chrysidiformis Rodhain and Bequaert, 1915, Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, VIII, p. 773 
(9 and larva; from stomach of Loxodonta africana, at Api, Belgian Congo); 1919, Bull. 
Biol. France et Belgique, LII, 4, p. 421, figs. 8-12, Pl. III, figs. 1A and 1B( ¢ 0’, egg, larva, and 
puparium). 
Rodhainomyia chrysidiformis J. Bequaert, 1920, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 68. 
Cobboldia roveret Gedoelst, 1916, Rev. Zool. Afric., IV, 2, p. 156 (larva from African elephant, 
Wombali and Boma, Belgian Congo). 
BEuGiaAn Coneo. — Semliki Valley, one larva in the stomach of Loxodonta 
africana (Blumenbach), May 18, 1927 (R. P. Strong). Mongende (H. Schoute- 
den). Basongo (H. Schouteden). Mankakati near Bolobo (H. Schouteden). 
This bot also is a specific parasite of the stomach of the African elephant, but 
is much rarer than C. loxodontis. It has been found thus far only in the Belgian 
Congo. Some elephants harbor both species of bots, others only C. loxodontis. 
SUBFAMILY RUTTENIINAE 
Ruttenia loxodontis Rodhain 
Ruttenia loxodontis Rodhain, 1924, Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, XVII, p. 92, fig. 1 (larva; from 
Loxodonta africana, at Api, Belgian Congo); 1927, Ann. Paras. Hum. Comp., V, 3, p. 198, 
figs. 3-5, Pl. I, figs. 3-4 (9 @). 
BreLaian Coneo. — Ingerosa near Irumu, larvae from the skin of Loxodonta 
africana (Blumenbach), May 24, 1927 (R. P. Strong). 
This remarkable bot is a specific cutaneous parasite of the African elephant 
and is known at present from the Belgian Congo only. Both the larva and the 
adult fly present so many aberrant features that their relationships to the other 
Muscoidea are extremely remote. It seems most adequate to make the genus 
