ENTOMOLOGY 979 
genera have the pteropleura and prosternum haired in part.” It may be added 
that both sexes bite and have the same structure of the proboscis. 
The subfamily Stomoxydinae comprises the following five genera: Slomoxys 
Geoffroy, Haematobia Lepeletier and Serville, Bdellolarynx Austen, Stygeromyia 
Austen, and Haematobosca Bezzi. Four of these are represented in Africa, where 
the subfamily probably contains more species than in any other part of the world. 
Stomoxys Geoffroy 
Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1764, ‘Hist. Abrégée des Insectes,’ II, p. 538. Monotypic for Conops calcitrans 
Linnaeus, 1758, which is cited in the synonymy, although not by name. 
Various species of Stomoxys must be regarded as contributing factors in the 
spread of certain trypanosomiases of animals, although there is no proof as yet 
that they ever act as regular intermediate hosts to the trypanosomes. 
In 1926 (‘Medical Rept. Hamilton Rice 7th Exp. Amazon,’ pp. 236-237), I 
have reviewed the evidence connecting Stomoxys with certain diseases, especially 
with the mechanical transmission of trypanosomiases in Africa, India, the Philip- 
pines, and South America. Most convincing seemed to be Mitzmain’s experi- 
ments with S. calcitrans (Linnaeus) and Trypanosoma evansi Steel, the causative 
agent of ‘‘surra’’ in the Oriental Region. Some additional work on this subject 
may be briefly mentioned here. 
In Mauritius, according to experiments carried out by Moutia,! Stomoxys 
nigra Macquart is able to transmit the parasite of surra (7’. evansz) by interrupted 
feeding from guinea pig to guinea pig and to dog. No infection could be pro- 
duced if thirty minutes or more elapsed between the feed on an infected and that 
on a healthy animal. In the Philippines, however, R. A. Kelser ? was unsuccess- 
ful in his attempts to transmit surra from infected to healthy white rats by means 
of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) and Haematobia exigua (de Meijere), while he 
succeeded in doing so with Tabanus striatus Fabricius. Similar unsuccessful 
attempts were made with the same species of blood-sucking Muscidae by O. 
Nieschulz in Java.’ 
Edm. Sergent and Donatien* have shown experimentally that Stomoxys 
calcitrans (Linnaeus) transmits trypanosomiasis of camels, caused by Trypano- 
soma berberum Edm. and Et. Sergent (= 7. soudanense Laveran), in North 
Africa. The transmission is purely mechanical and occurs when a fly bites a 
healthy animal immediately after feeding on a diseased one. It will be recalled 
that this disease is also transmitted by tabanids. Sergent and Donatien are of 
1 Moutia, A. 1928. ‘Surra in Mauritius and its principal vector, Stomorys nigra.’ Bull. Ent. Res. , 
XIX, pp. 211-216. 
2 Kelser, R. A. 1927. ‘Transmission of surra among animals of the equine species.’ Philippine Jl. 
Sci., XXXIV, pp. 115-141, 2 pls. 
3 Nieschulz, O. 1927. ‘Zoologische bijdragen tot het surraprobleem. XIX. Overbrengingsproeven 
met Stomoxys, Lyperosia, Musca en Stegomyia.’ Dept. Landbouw Nederl. Indié, Veeartsenijk. Meded., 
No. 64, 20 pp. 
4 Sergent, Edm. and Donatien, A. 1922. ‘Les stomoxes, propagateurs de la trypanosomiase des 
dromadaires.’ C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris, CLX XIV, pp. 582-584. 
1922. ‘Transmission naturelle et expérimentale de la trypanosomiase des dromadaires par les 
stomoxes.’ Arch. Inst. Pasteur Afrique du Nord, II, 3, pp. 291-315. 
