ENTOMOLOGY 989 
provided with regular transverse and longitudinal rows of pits. Finally, the 
anal lobes are not thickly studded with papillae (as in Glossina), but are mostly 
smooth with a series of meandering impressed lines evidently representing the 
much branched three slits or ‘‘peritremes” of the stigmal plates; a pit-like 
depression at the summit of each lobe represents the “button” or scar of the 
posterior stigmata of an earlier larval stage; the stigmal plates of this pupa 
belong, therefore to the “‘brain-coral type” of C. T. Greene (1921, Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., LX, Art. 10, p. 2). It may also be pointed out that the so-called 
‘“‘polypneustic lobes” of the adult larvae and pupae of Glossina are really an 
extreme development of the ‘‘brain-coral type”’ ramification of the respiratory 
slits or ‘‘peritremes’’ which are found on the stigmal plates of the other muscoid 
flies. The two so-called ‘posterior stigmata’ or “paired abdominal stig- 
mata,” described by Roubaud, Stuhlmann, Newstead and others as situated 
within the deep pit enclosed by the inner lips of the two lobes, evidently repre- 
sent the “buttons,” or vestigial scars of the posterior stigmata of an earlier 
larval stage (‘‘Stigmennarbe”’ of J. C. H. de Meijere, 1895, Tijdschr. v. Entom., 
XXXVIII, p. 68). 
Glossina Wiedemann 
Glossina Wiedemann, 1830, ‘Aussereurop. Zweifl. Insekt.,’ II, p. 253. Monotypic for Glossina longi- 
palpis Wiedemann, 1830. 
Nemorhina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Mém. Divers Savans Ac. Sci. Inst. France, Sci. Math. 
Phys., II, p. 389. Monotypie for Nemorhina palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. 
Austenina C. H. T. Townsend, 1921, Insecutor Inscit. Menstr., [X, p. 132. Monotypic for Glossina 
brevipalpis Newstead, 1910. 
Newsteadina C. H. T. Townsend, 1921, Insecutor Inscit. Menstr., IX, p. 133. Monotypic for 
Stomoxys fuscus Walker, 1849. 
The genus Glossina comprises some nineteen or twenty species, which are 
the notorious tsetse-flies of Africa. Nowadays the genus is restricted to the 
Ethiopian Region, where it is found from the Senegal and the Anglo-Egyptian 
Sudan to Benguela in the west and Zululand in the east. One species also 
occurs in the extreme southwestern corner of Arabia. During former geological 
times the genus Glossina had undoubtedly a much wider range, as is shown 
by its presence in a fossil condition in the Miocene shales of Colorado. But 
for probably several million years the tsetse-flies have been extinct in the New 
World and it is most improbable that they could at present become acclima- 
tized in North America. 
So much has been written concerning the habits of tsetse-flies that it hardly 
seems worth while to record one’s own observations. A complete review of 
the whole subject of ‘‘glossinology” is now being compiled by my industrious 
friend, Mr. Emile Hegh, of the Belgian Colonial Office! There are, however, 
two points on which I cannot agree with most authors. The first relates to the 
noise made by these flies. It is often stated that tsetse-flies make a buzzing 
noise when in flight and that the vernacular name “‘tsetse,” given to G. mor- 
1 Hegh, E. 1929. ‘Les Tsé-tsés. TomelI. Généralités. Anatomie. Systématique. Reproduction. 
Gites 4 pupes. Ennemis prédateurs et parasites.’ (Brussels), xiv + 742 pp., with numerous plates. 
A second volume, now in preparation, will deal with the distribution, habits and methods of control. 
