180 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
upon which antelopes or buffaloes graze in herds, and the few wild animals 
that exist are found for the most part in the forest. 
Among the mammals the chimpanzees, monkeys, lemurs, squirrels, shrews, 
and duikers are the most common. Of the monkeys there are four species 
of Cercopithecus, three of Colobus, and one of Cercocebus. These monkeys are of 
special interest on account of the infections with malarial and other parasites 
that were found among them,a fact that will be discussed later in this Report. 
Many of the natives in Liberia speak at times of the baboon, the name 
by which they refer to the chimpanzee. The true baboon apparently does 
not occur in the country. Among the lemurs of Liberia, which are distinguished 
especially from the true monkeys by the incisiform character of the lower canine 
teeth and which live largely on insects, are Perodictius potto and Galagoides 
demidoffi. Both the potto and the galagos sleep throughout the day and are 
active at night. The potto in particular utters loud startling sounds in the 
forest during the night hours, sounds which resemble those made by the hyrax 
(Procavia dorsalis), and which the natives sometimes associate with evil spirits. 
The awe in which many of them hold the potto is referred to in the zoologi- 
cal report of the mammals (Chapter XX XIII). 
The carnivorous animals of Liberia consist of the leopard, serval cat, golden 
eat (Felis aurata), and civet cat, 2 genets and pardaline genet, three species of 
mongoose or Ichneumon and two of otter. In former years musk glands of 
the big civet cat provided, according to Johnston, an important article of Liberian 
commerce. Neither the lion nor the hyena have been definitely found in Libe- 
ria. The leopard is not uncommon; more leopard skins and parts of skins 
are seen in Liberia than those of any other animal. They are much dreaded 
for their ferocity, especially by the natives. The usual native practice is to 
catch them in pitfalls and then kill them. 
The commonest antelopes in Liberia are the duikers, Cephalophus, of which 
there are at least seven species. ‘They are all dwellers in the thickets or in 
the forest. The natives in the neighborhood of Gbanga hunt them by sending 
out beaters who advance toward a wall made of a series of nets some six feet 
high behind which other natives with bows and arrows are stationed. In other 
parts of the country they are captured either by being driven into ditches, or 
by foot or neck snares. More rarely they are shot from ambush from a tree 
or an ant hill, generally with a slug from an old Springfield rifle, but occasion- 
ally with a:shot gun. Allen and Coolidge regard Cephalophus maxwelli as prob- 
ably the commonest species of the genus in Liberia. They point out that these 
duikers are difficult to shoot on account of their nocturnal or crepuscular habits, 
and because they keep largely to the shelter of dense thickets in the forest. 
The smallest of the horned ruminants, the royal antelope, Neotragus pygmaeus, 
is illustrated in No. 153. It is only from nine to ten inches high, and about 
twenty inches long. Its limbs are long and slender, and the forefeet have no 
lateral hoofs. The body is usually golden brown, the forehead and nose ridge 
black, and the chin white. The smooth horns are about three-fourths of an 
inch in length. Johnston calls attention to the fact that this tiny Neotragus 
