228 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
tered exclusively on the continent of Africa, particularly in certain places in 
Central Africa. 
There are apparently three authentic cases of infection with the terminal- 
spined elongated ova of S. spindalis in man, whose most usual host is Bos bubalus. 
The first of these was recorded by Cawston ! in 1925 and two others by Porter 2 
in 1926 in South Africa. Price * points out that the egg described by Chester- 
man (1923) may also be that of S. spindalis. The terminal-spined ova found 
in the faeces of our cases, measured not more than about 165 in length, and 
they correspond more generally with the ova of S. haematobium, rather than 
with those of S. spindalis. Since our return to the United States Sandground 
has remeasured a number of these ova from several of our cases and has found 
that the measurements vary between 162-169u in length and from 54-64 in 
width. They are thus only very slightly longer than the measurements given 
by Price for Schistosoma haematobium eggs (120-160 in length by 40-60 in 
width), and are evidently much shorter than the ova of S. spindalis. Porter 
gives the measurements of the ova of S. spindalis, which she obtained from 
the urine of man, as 163—258u long by 46.4-70u wide. The ova of Schistosoma 
bovis measure, according to Price, 160-180u long by 50-60u wide. They, however, 
have a more blunt and shorter spine than S. haematobium. 
Cawston * reports that at least four distinct types of Schistosoma ova occur 
in the urine of patients in Natal. Under the subject of “The identity of the 
Rarer Schistosomes in Man and Other Intermediate Hosts’”’ he illustrates seven 
different ova. These are S. bomfordi, S. indicum, S. bovis and S. spindalis, 
in addition to the three common ones, S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. 
japonicum. 
Price® does not include man as a host for S. indicum and questions man 
as a host for S. bovis. 
Walkiers ®° during the course of a large series of faecal examinations made 
at Faradje, discovered schistosome eggs with smooth shell and without spine 
in five cases with bloody diarrhoea. Many of the eggs contained active mira- 
cidia. He believed that the eggs are those of a new species of Schistosoma, 
for which the name S. faradjei was proposed. In his discussion of this paper, 
Rodhain called attention to the fact that eggs with a similar appearance and 
without spine have been reported from Egypt and the Sudan. 
We did not encounter ova of this nature in the faeces of the cases we studied 
either in Liberia or elsewhere in Central Africa. 
Obviously there is need for further investigation regarding the identity of 
these different schistosomes which are reported to infect man in Africa. 
In connection with finding only terminal-spined ova in the faeces, the recent 
observations of Brumpt‘ are of considerable interest. He has shown that the 
1 Cawston: Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg. (1925), XXVIII, 406. 
2 Porter: S. African Jour. Sci., Johannesburg (1926), XXIII, 661. 
’ Price: Proceed. U.S. Nat. Museum. No. 2789 (1929), LX XV, Art. 18, p. 139. 
4 Cawston: Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. (1925), XIX, 215. 
5 Price: Loc. cit. 
6 Walkiers: Ann. Soc. Belge de Méd. Trop. (1928), VIII, 21. 
7 Brumpt: Ann. Parasit. Humaine et Comparée (1928), VI, 440. 
