ANIMAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS 419 
With reference to the occasional occurrence of Dicrocoelium lanceatum in 
man, the investigations of Strom! are of interest. In making helminthological 
investigations of the population in Turkestan he found the eggs of D. lanceatum 
in thirty-seven cases, of Fasciola hepatica in four cases, and of Opisthorchis fe- 
lineus in one case. In the absence of any symptoms of disease of the liver in 
many cases and failure to find the eggs of the trematodes in repeated examina- 
tions, the idea suggested itself to him that he was dealing with spurious disto- 
miasis infection, resulting from the introduction of the eggs into the human 
intestine by consumption of the liver of cattle infected with the trematodes. 
That these really were cases of transient occurrence of the ova was proved by 
Strom and his associate by consuming liver infected with Dicrocoeliwm lanceatum 
and Fasciola hepatica. Following this ingestion of liver they discovered the 
eggs of these parasites in their faeces and the eggs remained there during three 
to four days, but in gradually decreasing numbers. Therefore they point out 
that the mere finding upon one occasion of eggs from trematodes of the liver in 
the faeces does not prove that the individual is suffering from hepatic infection. 
They suggest that some of the cases which have been reported as infections with 
D. lanceatum or F.. hepaticum in man, may not be cases of real infection. 
Stunkard ? has reported upon the liver fluke Athesmia foxi infecting an 
American monkey, Cebus apella. This fluke is related to Dicrocoelium dendriti- 
cum. ‘The parasites were found in the hepatic and interlobular bile ducts. The 
common bile duct, cystic duct and gall bladder were not parasitized, the biliary 
ducts appearing to be the chief seat of infection. It is pointed out that although 
they must have occasioned considerable occlusion of the hepatic ducts, the move- 
ment of the worms probably prevented chronic retention of the bile and there 
was no marked cirrhosis of the liver. Stunkard thinks that it is entirely probable 
that Athesmia foxi is a normal human parasite in its original location, which was 
apparently British Guiana, South America. 
Several other species of intestinal parasites were also found by us in monkeys. 
Among these were Trichocephalus (= Trichuris) trichwura found in the caecum 
of Colobus rufomitratus and in Cercopithecus diana. Schwartz * who has recently 
studied this genus points out that there are no constant differences in the para- 
sites of this genus from man, chimpanzee, species of Cercopithecus, and swine, 
although considerable variations are sometimes observed in individual worms. 
Another nematode observed in the intestine of another Colobus rufomitratus 
monkey is Hnterobius (Oxyuris). Unfortunately all the specimens collected from 
this monkey were females, so that accurate specific determination is not possible. 
They are somewhat smaller than those of Hnterobius bipapillatus described by 
Gedoelst from the intestine of the monkey in the Congo, otherwise the structure 
of the female appears to coincide very well with this species. At least three 
species of this genus of nematodes have previously been reported from primates. 
No microscopical lesions in the intestines of the monkeys infected with either 
1 Strom: Extrait de la Revue de Microbiologie et d’Epidémiologie (1927), VI, 6. 
2 Stunkard: Jour. Parasit. (1923), X, 71. 
3 Schwartz: Jour. Agr. Research (1926), III, 311. 
