460 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
Lion, Felis leo. The only parasite found in the lion was a species of Cylico- 
spirura which was located in the alimentary tract. The adult parasites illus- 
trated in No. 399, Fig. 1, were found in the small intestine, together with the 
ova, while a few motile embryos were found in the lower part of the small in- 
testine. The adult parasite measured about 2.5 to 3em. in length and the 
ova 40u in length. Sandground, who has studied and identified this parasite 
since our return to this country, points out that a most characteristic feature 
is the nature of the buccal armature. There is a funnel-shaped buccal cavity 
supported by elbow-joint, chitinous walls. Internally there are six bifid tooth- 
like structures which take origin near the base of the funnel and project slightly 
beyond the margin of the mouth cavity. This is illustrated in Figure 2. In 
Figure 1 may be seen the anterior portion of the female and character of the 
female genitalia, showing the winding vagina and uterus. 
Cylicospirura subaequalis has been described previously by Vevers ! from the 
stomach of the tiger. Sandground has pointed out the differences in Vever’s 
description and the specimen he has examined from the present lion (page 480). 
This parasite also has apparently been found at least in one instance in the 
leopard, Felis pardus, Sierra Leone, according to the label on the tube of mate- 
rial sent Dr. Sandground for comparison through the courtesy of Professor 
Yorke of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. 
The examination of the alimentary tract of the hon at the time of the ne- 
cropsy did not reveal any visible lesions. From the study of the sections 
of the intestine of the lion, it would also appear that Cylicospirura was not 
a serious parasite to the animal in question. In the small intestine there is 
in places slight evidence of a catarrhal exudate on the surface of the mucosa, 
but there are no ulcers or erosions apparent and no evidences of encysted para- 
sites. There is, however, in certain areas very extensive cellular invasion of 
the mucous membrane and the eosinophils in sections of the small intestine 
are enormously increased in number. These changes are not observed in the 
sections of the large intestine, where the adult parasites were not found. No 
sections of the parasites or ova, however, were found in the crypts of the mucous 
membrane or within the villi of the small intestine. Sections of the other organs 
of the animal are apparently normal.’ 
Neveu-Lemaire * in connection with the viruses of the human infections that 
may occur in the lion mentions only anthrax and rabies each observed in one 
instance in lions of menageries. 
He also refers to the fact that the lion may harbor Porocephalus armillatus 
Stiles, 1893 ( = Armillifer armillatus Sambon, 1922) in the adult stage, the larval 
stages of which have been reported in man. The occurrence of Toxocara mystax 
( = cati) has also been reported in the intestine of the lion by Zeder.‘ Stiles ® 
notes that there have been nine cases of infection with this parasite in man. 
1 Vevers: Proc. Zoolog. Soc., London (1922), p. 909. 
? Bequaert has identified ticks collected from the skin of this lion as Haemaphysalis leachii (Au- 
douin), see page 810. § Neveu-Lemaire: Loc. cit., p. 252. 
* Zeder: Yorke and Maplestone, “ Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates” (1926), p. 258. 
» Stiles: Key Catalogue for the Worms Reported for Man, U.S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. No. 142 (1926), p. 156. 
