O38 REPORT OF THE HARVARD AFRICAN EXPEDITION 
a specimen of it. The first night is spent at Lango Town, around which are 
rice fields of considerable size, the first of any consequence to be seen. 
The next morning we resume the march in a rainstorm and continue in it 
most of the way to Kaka Town. The trip, because of the abundance of secon- 
dary growth or the presence of huge rice fields is rather uninteresting. It 1s 
surprising to see the number of acres given over to the culture of upland rice, — 
many acres, forty or fifty, are seen at one time. There is very little original 
forest left it seems, since most of it has been cut over to make way for these 
fields. There is also a goodly proportion of second growth that has resulted 
from the abandonment of rice fields. In such secondary growth, the low tree 
Haronga madagascariensis is very abundant, and of the tall herbaceous types, 
Phrynium confertum, some ten feet tall, forms dense thickets. Open wet grassy 
swales are not infrequent and here numerous sedges are found, together with 
an occasional specimen of the tall terrestrial orchid, Lissochilus Horsfelli al- 
ready noted near the Du River. The green, red alga, Batrachospermum is 
common and rather prolific in the numerous brooks, bordering which are nu- 
merous plants of Cyrtosperma senegalensis. ‘This species is so universal in 
open country along the brooksides that further reference to it is unnecessary. 
Among the Raphia palms in the swamps, and growing in almost clean, white 
sand, an additional species of Mesanthemum is seen. It is much smaller than 
the one collected near Monrovia and the leaves have a different texture. Mas- 
chalocephalus Dinklagei was found in a somewhat similar habitat by Dr. Bequaert. 
The country continues to be rolling after Kaka Town, where a day was 
spent while awaiting porters. The vegetation also is secondary for a consider- 
able distance. Musanga Smithi is the predominant tree under these condi- 
tions, in contrast to its almost total absence in virgin forest. The trees do 
not exceed forty feet in height, probably because of the youth of the stands. 
Locally, also, there are immature tree ferns that have attained a height of 
four feet. Numerous other bushes or low trees, occasionally vines, are also 
favored by the conditions existing in secondary growth. Thus a low, semi- 
ligneous species of Dracaena, Manniophyton africanum, and Combretum grandi- 
florum are occasionally encountered. The original forests appear to be restrict- 
ed to the swampy areas and are composed for the most part of leguminous 
trees. Just before Memmeh’s Town we encounter two tributaries of the Farm- 
ington River, one of which we cross by means of a suspension bridge con- 
structed from the stems of the climbing rattan palm. 
Because of the lack of porters, two days of relative rest were spent at Mem- 
meh’s Town. The plants, in the presses during two days of rainy travel, were 
placed between relatively dry blotters and then kept before the fire in order 
to give them an opportunity to dry out as much as possible before the trip 
continued. In the intervals between the rains, sorties were made in the nearby 
patches of forest where additional specimens of Mapania and several bushes 
were collected. The species of Aframomum collected at the Du River base 
still persisted, and in the identical type of habitat, — low, wet sandy ground 
at, the edges of swamps. In the upper woods a species of the Agaric, Russula, 
