BREEDERS AND GROWERS 13 

the worms grow larger the injured areas become ragged and unhealthy in appearance 
and large areas may be killed. 
Important: The appearance of the small silk-lined tubes among the crowns of the 
grass and on the surface of the soil is proof of sod webworm infestation. 
Control: Lead Arsenate (See under White Grubs). 
Pyrethrum-extract spray: Commercial pyrethrum-extract plant sprays diluted 
as recommended by the manufacturer for moderately resistant insects and 
applied at the rate of about 110 gallons per 1,000 square feet. 
Home-made kerosene emulsion: Mix thoroughly one part kerosene to 50 parts 
of water and apply about 110 gallons per 1,000 square feet. 
CUTWORMS, ARMY WORMS AND GRASSHOPPERS 
Occasionally cutworms, army worms, and grasshoppers occur in sufficient numbers 
to require some control measure. The injury caused by cutworms and army worms 
may be similar to that caused by sod webworms but the absence of the silk-lined 
tubes will clearly show that sod webworms are not the cause. 
Control: Cutworms and army worms in turf may be controlled by pyrethrum sprays, 
applied as recommended for the contro! of sod webworms. One of the oldest control 
practices for these pests as well as grasshoppers is the use of a poison bran mash 
made as follows: 
ba1 De LOU 20-Ilb. lot 
WVilted tabs Cat weet e800 petri ti ks 5 lbs. 20 lbs. 
Paris Green or White Arsenic ............ 4 ozs. ielbs 
NiGlasseseOceSYLUDme se tee ae 1 pint 2 quarts 
WV Ce rane rarer Seen ie ey 1 quart 5 quarts 
Thoroughly mix the dry materials (wheat bran and arsenical) together. Then mix 
the molasses and water in another container. Next mix the dry and liquid materials 
together. This mixture should be made four to five hours before it is to be used. 
There should be enough moisture in the mixture to ball when squeezed in the hand, 
but not enough to squeeze out water. 
The mixture should be scattered lightly but evenly over the infested area at a rate of 
one pound to each 2,500 square feet. For cutworms apply it in the evening; for army 
worms and grasshoppers, in the morning. While poison bran is effective against 
the pests it is also liable to be eaten by birds and dogs; many people, therefore, 
prefer to use one of the commercial preparations which are poisonous only to the 
insects. 
EARTHWORMS 
Earthworms occasionally are regarded as pests because the casts of soil which they 
deposit on the surface are unsightly on lawns and objectionable on putting greens, 
but this condition is only likely to occur when the soil is rich in organic matter. 
They are most abundant during wet weather, working deeper during the dry weather. 
Control: Lead arsenate at the rate of five or six pounds per 1,000 square feet is the 
most generally used means of control for earthworms. The dry arsenate should be 
mixed with sand or soil for easier application, then watered in. Where it is desired 
not to use such a poisonous chemical, Mowrah meal can be substituted. This organic 
preparation is made from seeds of an Asiatic tree and has some value as a fertilizer. 
The recommended rate is 15 pounds per 1,000 square feet applied dry and watered in. 
