INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 
This section of the catalog is divided into three parts. The first part contains information of general interest to all truck crop 
growers. The second portion is designed to aid growers with the identification of insect pests commonly found on principal 
truck crops grown in Florida. Suggestions for the control of such insects are also included. An attempt has been made to recom- 
mend only dusts or sprays, which have definitely proved their worth effectively and economically during the past few years. 
The third part of the section describes the various insecticides, fungicides, fumigants, spreaders and stickers, vermicides, weed- 
control materials, etc., which The Kilgore Seed Co. carries in stock, whenever such items are available. 
SANITATION 
The practice of sanitation is of such vital importance, that 
no grower can afford to ignore the subject. Yet, in many cases, 
serious losses result from a complete neglect of a few simple 
tules. Diseases will spread readily from sick to healthy plants 
by various means, depending upon the nature of the disease. 
Spores of many species of fungi are air or wind borne, while 
others may be scattered over fields in water, due to rain or 
irrigation. Insects play an important part in the dissemination 
of diseases, particularly those of the sucking type, such as 
aphids, thrips, etc. Certain cultural operations, as pruning, 
picking, transplanting, etc., are greatly responsible for the 
scattering of diseases, especially those caused by bacteria and 
viruses, mosaic being a specific example of the latter. 
Considering the methods of dissemination mentioned, it be- 
comes obvious that the source of the disease should be de- 
stroyed, if at all possible. Affected plants, as well as dropped. 
decaying fruit, should be removed from the field and burned. 
Cultivation should be clean and frequent. Mechanical injury of 
plants by plowing, spraying or picking operations should be 
avoided as much as possible. Crop rotation is essential, provided 
that no other crop affected by the responsible disease is grown 
for several years. This method often proves cheaper than an 
attempt to control the disease chemically. As weeds serve as 
host plants to many insects, which may be carriers of fungi, 
viruses, etc., the necessity of their eradication certainly becomes 
evident. Whenever practical, soil moisture should be kept fairly 
contant. Corrective measures should be adopted where soils are 
either too acid or too alkaline. 
POISONOUS INSECTICIDES 
Great care should be exercised in the handling and storing of 
poisonous materials commonly used for spraying and dusting. 
Some of these compounds are not only highly toxic when taken 
internally, but also dangerous because of their power of skin 
penetration, by their effect upon the respiratory system due to 
inhalation of poisonous vapors as well as dust particles. 
Poisonous compounds or portions of such compounds con- 
tained in mixtures listed or recommended in this catalog are: 
Arsenicals, such as arsenate of lead, calcium arsenate and 
paris green are highly poisonous. These materials should be 
stored in tight containers and plainly labeled and marked 
“Poison”. None of the arsenicals should be inhaled. Open 
wounds should be protected when working with Paris green or 
Paris green mixtures, to avoid contamination. 
Fluorine Compounds vary in toxicity to man and warm- 
blooded animals. In general, it can be said all fluocides 
(a) and fluosilicates (b) are extremely poisonous, while some 
of the fluoaluminates (c) are only mildly so. Examples of 
these three types of fluorine salts are: (a) sodium fluoride, 
(b) sodium fluosilicate and barium fluosilicate, and (c) 
sodium fluoaluminate (cryolites, including natural cryolite 
bearing the trade name of “Kryocide”). 
Nicotine and Its Compounds are all violent poisons and 
they should be handled with great caution. Concentrated 
liquid nicotine solutions are particularly dangerous, when ac- 
cidentally coming in contact with the skin, the nicotine being 
readily absorbed through the skin and causing acute illness. 
Solutions spilled on skin should be immediately washed off 
with water and clothing that has become wet from nicotine 
spraying should be removed. 
Copper Compounds, such as Bordeaux, Copotox, Cop- 
per-A Compound, Pyrox and Tri-Basic Copper, are all to be 
considered poisonous, as they may disturb the function of 
gastric juices, when taken internally. 
Carbon Disulfide is not only poisonous but is also highly 
inflammable. It should be kept away from fire, hot pipes and 
lighted cigarets and should be stored in tightly closed con- 
tainers. If inhaled in large amounts, it will produce death. 
Inhalation of smaller amounts may cause dizziness and nausea. 
Cyanogas (calcium cyanide), when coming in contact with 
air, liberates the deadly hydrocyanic acid gas. The use of 
the gas outside in the open air is a relatively safe procedure 
if necessary precautions are taken. However, the fumiga- 
tion of dwellings and other enclosures should never be under- 
taken by persons who are not thoroughly familiar with the 
poisonous nature of the gas. 
DDT. The latest information available is that DDT is definite- 
ly less toxic than Paris green or sodium fluoride. Nevertheless, 
DDT has toxic properties which require certain precautions in 
its use. Write for a free copy of “DDT—Facts and Fiction,” re- 
cently published by The Kilgore Seed Co. Pages 19, 20, 41, 46 
and 47 of this booklet contain cautions which should be ob- 
served when handling the various types of compositions con- 
taining DDT. 
Effect of Treatment of Soil with D-D Mixture on 
Growth of Bean Roots 

Treated 
Untreated 
D-D. (A clorinated hydrocarbon). Every chlorinated hydro- 
carbon is toxic to human beings in some degree, and unneces- 
sary exposure to any compounds of this class is undesirable. 
The vapors of D-D, while not very irritating, have sufficient 
odor to give warning of their presence, and breathing of notice- 
able concentrations should be avoided. The product is toxic if 
absorbed into the blood stream. It also may cause severe in- 
flammation if allowed to remain in contact with the skin. Ex- 
perience shows that prompt washing reduces its effect. 
Petroleum ether or soap and water are most effective in remov- 
ing the material from the skin, but even washing with water 
alone is beneficial. Immediate washing is essential and large 
amounts of water should be used, particularly if soap is not 
available. Under no circumstances should the risk be taken of 
getting D-D into the eyes or mouth. No attempt should ever be 
made to siphon it by mouth suction as swallowing the material 
may have the most serious consequences. If the liquid is swal- 
lowed, a practical first-aid measure is to drink soapy water in 
sufficient quantity to produce vomiting. Clothing on which 
D-D has been spilled must be thoroughly cleaned before being 
worn again. It is tenaciously retained by leather and rubber, 
and gloves and shoes which have been wet with the material 
should not be reworn so long as the odor of the product is 
noticeable. 
ee ee cn 
The Standard of Quality in Florida for Over 35 Years 
49 
