




















































A perennial and a native of Europe, orchard 
ular bunches, folded leaf blades, and compressed or 
; sheaths (especially at the base of the stems). The 
of the flower head has suggested the English name of 
oot”. Though orchard grass is coarse and tufty, it has 
its popularity in pasture mixtures here because it is 
Vs persistent, and aggressive and is relished in the earlier 
Ss of growth by all classes of livestock. Even sheep relish 
abundant leafage, though they are inclined to avoid the 
culms and heads. Thus they often permit too much ma- 
yo and woodiness, and coarse tussocky bunches result, 
ich lead to some complaint against this valuable grass. 
f “management is essential, and clipping should be re- 
‘to whenever necessary to keep orchard grass from get- 
nd the stage of greatest usefulness. Per Ib. 50c. 
escue. A perennial and a native of Europe, meadow 
estuca elatior) is a tall-growing bunch grass that 
pripens asa ‘mid- -season grass. But it is very favorably 
active very late under grazing. It is Hoes so tufty as 
S cane 
grass, but contains much basal leafage which is bright 
and very succulent. Meadow fescue starts very slowly 
ndant basal leafage. Tests of two years here in 
have indicated that it is adapted to a wide range of 
Grass. A perennial, Harding grass (Phalaris tuberosa 
tera) came to us from Africa though the species, P. 
s a native of the Mediterranean. Harding grass 
large, dense, leafy tufts. When once established, it 
persistent. High seed prices and low germination have 
ed the fullest use of this plant. It is one of the few per- 
that makes a good growth during the winter when 
ther plants are dormant, but it will not survive the cold 
f northeastern California. Harding prefers heavy 
soils and deep volcanic loams, but will produce well on 
ils underlain by heavier strata. Though a tall and 
arse grass, its abundant leafage is relished by all 
livestock. Only a light seeding (2 or 3 pounds per 
ecommended as a means of prolonging the pasture 
the more temperate parts of the state. Per Ib. $2.80. 
rass. A perennial and a native of South America, 
ass (Paspalum dilatatum) normally has a deep, strong 
tem and grows in clumps which tend to die out in the 
nd enlarge around the periphery as the plant ages. 
\o-clover plants in association with it are often found 
ing the centers of these old stools. After nearly 20 years 
perience, this association is classed as ideal by graziers 
a Dallis grass. The leaves are numerous near the 
but few on the stems, which are usually drooping or 
ce in most of the state (except the colder portions where 
not survive the winters), it starts rather late in the 
| becomes dormant in the fall. But during the sum- 
S recovery after grazing is more rapid than that of any 
other grass we have. Its aggressiveness in this respect has 
into disrepute with some operators since other 
is not so palatable as it approaches maturity. Some 
districts oppose the use of this grass because its 
seeds float on the water and the plants become estab- 
‘the ditch banks. The contention does not seem 
1 since such areas are generally occupied by plants 
less desirable, and frequently more difficult to control 
is grass. Per Ib. $1.30. 
Brome. BAS perennial and a native of central Europe 
na % Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) is a tall- growing 
ass that spreads by underground creeping rhizomes 
nd to become sod-bound in a few years so that renova- 
ssential to the best results. In northeastern Califor- 
brome is popular as a hay and pasture plant, but 
found a place in any part of the state in which 
‘Ss are mild and summer temperatures high. Its gen- 
S therefore not recommended. Per Ib. 45c. 
ety s glomerata) can be readily distinguished by its’ 
Kentucky Bluegrass. A perennial and a native of Europe and 
Asia, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a true creeping, 
or colony, grass. While it is primarily adapted to the colder 
parts of the state, it is not generally recommended there for 
planting in a pasture mixture. The objections to it are that 
it produces too dense a sod and that its growth is not luxuriant 
enough to provide adequate livestock-carrying capacity. In 
recent years Kentucky bluegrass has come into the pasture 
picture in parts of the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys. 
Some producers believe it has a place there in association with 
Ladino clover, especially for sheep. Observations in several 
counties indicate that it is crowding out the clover and that it 
does not yield so much forage as the stronger-growing plants 
available. This may be partly due to a lack of adaptation in 
these areas. Prospective planters should make observations on 
local experience, where available, before committing them- 
selves to bluegrass in irrigated pastures. Per Ib. $1.80. 
Rhodes Grass. A perennial and a native of South Africa, 
Rhodes grass (Chloris Gayana) is a fine-stemmed, leafy grass 
growing to an average height of nearly 3 feet under favorable 
conditions. It spreads by running branches which root and 
produce a tuft at every node. It will not withstand winter 
temperatures below 18° F. Rhodes grass is increasing in pop- 
ularity as an ingredient of pasture mixtures in the Palo Verde 
and Imperial valleys of southeastern California, doubtless be- 
cause it is quite at home there. Farther north, within its cli- 
matic limitations, it is not generally used except in areas that 
are too alkaline to be tolerated by most other species. On 
such sites it probably has a real place. Through its ability to 
absorb alkali salts, however, it may become so saline as to 
have a scouring effect on livestock. When this is true, the 
As should be rotated to other and less purgative feeds. Per 
. (de. 
Tall Meadow Oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauvois); 
sometimes called tall oatgrass, meadow oatgrass, and ever- 
green grass, is a hardy perennial growing to the height of 
30 to 60 inches and producing large tufts or bunches. It pro- 
duces seed in an open head, or panicle, somewhat similar to 
cultivated oats, though the seed is much smaller and more 
chaffy. 
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra L.) is very similar to sheep fescue, 
but the leaves are bright green and the plant does not grow in 
tufts but creeps by underground stems, so that one plant may 
eventually cover a circle 2 to 4 feet in diameter. 
PARAMOUNT No. 23 SUDAN 
A few years ago the Division of Agronomy developed a new 
strain of Sudan that is far superior to the old strains. They 
named it No. 23 and it is rapidly succeeding the old strain. The 
leaves are finer, stalks are finer and sorghum crosses have 
been eliminated. Tests conducted have shown that it will yield 
a ton and a quarter more to the acre than the old variety. 
The small difference in the costs of the seed is more than 
offset in the crop production. Good for both pasture and hay. 
Write for latest market prices. 


WE CARRY A COMPLETE LINE OF GARDEN TOOLS AND SPRAY PUMPS 33 
