54 STONECHAT. 
furnished at the base of the bill; head, crown, neck on the 
back, and nape, nearly black, the feathers broadly edged with 
rufous brown after the autumnal moult; neck on the sides, 
white, tinged with light red—the white less pure after the 
summer. Chin and throat, black, the feathers edged with 
rufous brown after the moult; breast, rich orange chesnut 
brown, fading into yellowish white lower down: it is paler 
after the summer. Back, black, the feathers edged with 
yellowish brown, most so after the autumnal moult. 
The wings, which expand to the width of nine inches, have 
the first quill feather less than half as long as the second, 
which is much shorter than, the third, but nearly equal to 
the seventh; the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth nearly equal, 
but the fourth rather the longest; underneath they are leaden 
grey, edged with dull white. Greater and lesser wing coverts, 
blackish brown, margined with rufous brown after the autumnal 
moult; those that cover the tertiaries white, but partly hidden 
by the others; primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, brownish 
black, edged with pale reddish brown, most so after the 
moult. ‘Tail, short and even, and nearly black, tipped with 
rufous brown after the autumnal moult, the outer feathers 
margined with brownish white; upper tail coverts, white, 
tipped with reddish, and having a dusky spot; under tail 
eoverts, nearly white. Legs, toes, and claws, black. 
Female; length, five inches and a quarter; bill, black; iris, 
dark brown. Head on the sides, dusky brown; crown, neck 
on the back and nape, brown, streaked with dusky and brownish 
red, the margins of each feather being of the latter colour, 
the white space on the sides of the neck less than in the 
male; the neck in front is yellowish brown. Chin and throat, 
blackish brown, mixed with light greyish brown; breast, 
yellowish brown, with a tinge of dull red; back, brown, 
bordered with buff. The wings extend to nearly nine inches 
in width; primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, brown, edged 
with buff, darker, and the white on the latter much smaller 
than in the male. Tail, brown, edged with buff, darker than 
in the male; upper tail coverts, yellowish red, with a dusky 
streak. Legs, toes, and claws, black. 
The young at first are mottled with greyish white, 
subsequently the bill is dusky above, light brown beneath; 
iris, dark brown. Head on the sides, dusky, mottled with 
orown; on the crown, neck on the back, and nape, blackish 
vrown, the centre of each feather marked in a triangular 
