290 RED GROUSE. 
minutely barred with brownish black, most of the feathers 
having also a patch of black. 
The wings, short, broad, and rounded, have the third and 
fourth feathers nearly equal and the longest, the fifth longer 
than the second, which is longer than the sixth, the first about 
the same length as the seventh, but shorter than the sixth; 
they expand from two feet one inch and a half, to two feet 
three. Greater and lesser wing coverts, reddish chesnut brown, 
barred with black lines; the primaries, ten, dusky brown; the 
secondaries, fifteen, mostly dusky brown, the outer margins 
minutely mottled with reddish brown, and the inner five 
reddish brown minutely barred with brownish black, and with 
patches of black; tertiaries, also brown, edged on the outside 
and freckled with lighter brown; greater and lesser under 
wing coverts, white, but in some individuals spotted and barred 
with brown. The tail, short, straight, and slightly rounded, 
of sixteen feathers; under tail coverts, chesnut, with a bar of 
black, and the end and the tips white. Legs, feathered, light 
grey, sometimes mottled with brown; toes, feathered also, 
light grey; the first toe is extremely short, the third the longest, 
the fourth a little longer than the second; they are roughened 
underneath, and the front ones webbed at the base, and with 
three plates at the end. “The number of scutelle that may 
be clearly traced is, on the several toes, three, five, nine, and 
six. The claws are rather long, arched, flattened, and the 
tips blunt; they are blackish brown at the base, and greyish 
yellow at the end. 
The female is a good deal smaller and less bulky, as also 
paler in colour. Weight, above sixteen ounces; length, one 
foot three inches and a quarter; bill, brownish black, the 
white feathers at the base of the bill are duller; iris, hazel; 
the membrane over the eye is less, and not so bright, 
and the white feathers on the eyelids are also duller. Head, 
crown, neck on the back, and nape, yellowish chesnut brown, 
tinged with red with a few black spots, all paler in summer; 
chin, throat, and breast, pale brownish red barred with brownish 
black, and tipped with yellowish, paler in summer; on the 
sides barred with black and yellowish; back, yellowish chesnut 
brown tinged with red, paler in summer, the tips of most of 
the feathers yellowish. 
The wings expand to the width of two feet one inch and 
a quarter; greater and lesser wing coverts, barred with black 
and tipped with yellowish; primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, 
