Pests 
There are two classes of 
bugs and insects that may 
attack trees and plants. 
The first class eats the 
plant tissue and are best 
controlled by poisons 
which they take into 
their stomachs. 
The second class is not 
as easy to control since 
they can be killed only 
by hitting each individual 
with the insecticide. 
Plant Diseases. These 
may be classed as physi- Fig. 2—A Common Worm. 
ological, baccerial and One form of chewing pests. 
fungous. Good culture Chewing insects eat the 
will -aid materially in leaves of the plant entirely 
preventing these troubles. or eat holes in leaves. 
Spraying also should, be 
preventive. 
Although spraying is one of the most expensive of the 
several orchard operations, it is absolutely essential to the 
production of high class fruit. It isn’t a question any 
more of can you afford to spray but rather can you afford 
not to. It must not be assumed that spraying operations 
are uniformly successful. Success depends upon a _ thor- 
ough application of the right material at the proper time, 
or maybe several times. Of course to accomplish this one 
must first become familiar with the insects or diseases 
that infest the orchard. 
Remedies for Sucking Insects 
Sap sucking insects (see figure 1), such as aphis or 
plant lice which suck the juice from the green leaves are 
best controlled by some tobacco solution as Blackleaf 40, 
Nicotine Solution, etc. They may be washed off of shrubs 
with the hose. 
Sap sucking insects, like scale which suck the juice from 
the twigs or branches and even from the trunk itself, 
are best controlled by some dormant spray, such as Lime 
Sulphur solution, miscible oils, etc. 
Remedies for Chewing Insects 
Leaf eating insects (see figure 2), such as_ beetles, 
weevils, grubs, worms, etc., are controlled by poison ap- 
plied to the leaf. 
Arsenate of Lead, Paris Green, etc., are most commonly 
used, 

The L. W. Ramsey Co., Davenport, lowa 
