296 REPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE COMMISSION. 
some buildings plastering was badly cracked and shaken down, but in solid, well-built 
residences it was little hurt. The court-house and high-school buildings, within a block 
of each other, furnish striking examples of the need of considering construction when 
trying to gage the intensity of the shock by its effect on buildings. In the former build- 
ing the principal damage consists of a few cracks in the plastering and foundations, 
while in the high-school building a part of the front wall fell out and the roof spread 
badly, cracking the corners of the house. 
(A. S. Eakle.)—The town of Salinas suffered greater destruction than any other place 
in the county. Nearly every house and building were damaged to some extent. Plaster 
fell, windows broke, chimneys fell or were cracked, and brick buildings had their upper 
portions thrown off and, in some cases, almost completely demolished. The town is on 
the flat valley land, about 3 miles east of the river, and came within range of the more 
violent vibrations, in addition to being on alluvium. 
Spreckels and vicinity (G. A. Waring). — The village of Spreckels, on the river-bottom, 
was badly shaken. Nearly every one of the approximately 50 chimneys in the settle- 
ment fell, as did also a large part of the plaster in the 3-story hotel. On the first 
floor of the hotel building nearly all the walls were stript, but the plaster fell mostly 
from the south wall. On the second floor the walls of the north end and west side suf- 
fered most, while on the third floor the north end (walls and ceiling) was shaken the hard- 
est. In the 6-story, steel frame, brick sugar mill (plate 1174, B) the bricks along the 
I-beams of the north end were thrown out, as were also those of the upper central part of 
the west wall, and part of the top cornices of the north and south ends. Oil in a large 
tank was thrown toward the southeast. The front (north end) of the 2-story brick 
office building exhibits a remarkably symmetrical set of cracks. 
(A. C. Lawson.)—The flood plain of the Salinas River was caused to lurch toward the 
stream from both sides, but the effects are most marked on the south side. The result 
in most places has been the breaking up of the alluvium into monoclinal strips with 
a vertical scarp on one side, facing the river, and a gentle slope on the other. These 
have the effect of landslide searps and terraces, but occur on flat land. In some instances 
it would appear that the ground had collapsed into the cavity formed by the lurching. 
There are minor cracks and buckles in the sand and mud flats of the river-bottom. Here 
numerous craterlets were formed by the sudden ejection of water from the underlying 
sands, due to the compressive action of the shock. This acute deformation of the ground 
accentuated the destructive tendency due to the earthquake shock. 
At the bridge, a large trussed structure in 2 spans having a bearing of N. 27° E., the 
south pier, consisting of 26 piles incased in planking, was thrust to the south between 
6 and 7 feet, so that the entire pier was inclined as shown in plate 123a. The piles were 
not broken at the ground level. The north and middle piers were apparently not 
affected. An oil pipe which crost the bridge was buckled and twisted at the south end 
of the bridge, and when this was repaired the pipe was found to have been shortened 
7 feet. The pipe line extends from the San Joaquin Valley to the Bay of Monterey. 
A few hundred yards to the south of the bridge is a pumping station, and at this point 
some of the connections of the pipes were broken and displaced. The direction of the 
shortening of the bridge span and the pipe is roughly normal to the direction of the San 
Andreas Rift, on the other side of the Gavilan Range. Mr. $8. A. Guiberson, superin- 
tendent of the line, reports that the pipe was broken in about twenty places in the vicin- 
ity of the river, and that at some of these breaks the pipe was pulled apart. 
A few hundred yards east of the bridge, on the south side of the Salinas River, is the 
Spreckels sugar-mill, a steel structure incased in brick, about 500 feet long and about 
150 feet wide, having a northeasterly and southwesterly orientation. This building 
is five stories high, but the five stories occur only at the two ends of the building. In 
