I. TRUE STORIES OF THE HEAVENLY BEINGS. 
The stories in the first group, as the division headline indicates, are 
all supposed to be true and to describe events which actually took place. 
Furthermore, these tales are nearly all connected with the sacred bundle 
or altar ceremonies, and in general may be considered as explanatory 
of the ceremony, or of some episode of the ceremony, or even as account- 
ing for the very origin of the ceremony. These tales, as a rule, are told 
only during ceremonies, especially during the intermissions or pauses in 
the ceremony which occur from time to time between rites, or during 
resting periods in the chanting of alongritual. During such intermissions 
anyone of those present may ask of the priests for such a tale. Espe- 
cially is it the privilege of the one who has made the ceremony possible, 
by providing the food for the sacrifice and feast, to ask that such a tale 
be related. These tales may also, under certain circumstances, be told 
outside the ceremonial lodge, as, for example, a group of young men, by 
presenting on an appropriate occasion a ceremonial pipe to one who 
knows the story, could ask him to relate what he had heard during his 
presence in aceremony. These stories are told, as a rule, in the fall and 
winter rather than in the spring and summer, and the chief object in 
relating them is to furnish instruction. Collectively they form a popu- 
lar account of the Pawnee belief in the doings and performances of the 
supernatural beings. 

1, ORIGIN OF THE CHAUI.’ 
After Tirawa had created the sun, moon, stars, the heavens, the earth, 
and all things upon the earth, he spoke, and at the sound of his voice a 
woman appeared upon the earth. Tirawa spoke to the gods in the heav- 
ens and asked them what he should do to make the woman happy and 
1Told by Roaming-Chief, hereditary chief of the Chaui. The grandfather of 
Roaming-Chief was a Kitkehahki who married a Chaui woman and finally became 
chief of the Chaui. The result of this union was two children, one of whom was 
the famous Pitalesaru who was appointed by the United States Government as 
chief of the confederated bands of the Pawnee. Hissisterwas the mother of Roaming- 
Chief. The tale possibly contains Kitkehahki elements, although it is claimed to 
be representative of the Chaui. It has its origin from a bundle on one of the sacred 
altars, and is handed down from one generation to another. Anyone making an 
offering of buffalo meat for the a eas of thealtar is privileged to hear the story. 
It is supposed especially to instill the belief of the great power of Tirawa and to 
inspire confidence in his ability to send the buffalo. 
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