EVOLUTION OF THE CLUB TYPES. It3 
as against slip toward the haft. In the smaller piece it is apparent 
that the minor spikes are pure ornament, despite their sharpness, for 
they could not engage with the object already torn by the larger head. 
The other pieces classed among the maces are scarcely to be inter- 
preted as metamorphs of this particular stone-head unit and will 
accordingly be examined in connection with another theme. 
Recurring to the clubs of curved shaft, we take up the lipped clubs 
(Plate II, figs. g, h, and 2; Plate VI, figs. a, b, and c)... There are 
5 distinctive units of this type, 2 common and unalterable, 3 exhibit- 
ing such variety as to constitute specific differences. The unalterable 
units are the curve of the shaft and the blade-like prominence on the 
face of the head along the line of its major axis and in the direction 
of the downward stroke of the weapon when in use. 
Regarding the actual head of the weapon as beginning at the prox- 
imal end of the panel, there is some slight variety in the angular 
dimensions of this curve. In the species in which we find the rough- 
need panel the curve is sharp and very nearly corresponds to the 
general curve of the pandanus clubs. In the species with panel of 
rugosity the curve is more obtuse; it corresponds with the general 
curve of the axe-bit clubs. In these two species, however, the curve 
distinctly springs from the beginning of the panel; the shaft to that 
point is quite straight. The third species is far more ornate, distinctly 
a work of art, therefore in a stage of secondary evolution from the 
prototype. The outer curve on the lip-face of the shaft is far more 
obtuse; the upper curve along the panel is appreciably more acute 
than this outer curve and approximates the outer curve of the next 
preceding species; the inner curve of the lower edge is yet more acute 
and proceeds from a gradual increase of the girth of the shaft, which 
arises insensibly in the general girth and produces a fine sweep from 
the grip to the outer edge of the head. 
No matter what the species of this club, the blade-like prominence 
is found along the median line of the head from its lower tip to the 
upper edge. ‘This, we note, is wholly regardless of such treatment of 
the head as we are to regard as structural survival; it will prove an 
inconvenient factor in our interpretation of the type, and we shall 
be forced to the assumption that the clubwrights have lost the sense 
of its specific origin and have treated it as a convention. ‘This very 
significant blade is distinctly visible in all our illustrations, except 
figure g in Plate II and figure a in Plate VI. 
The three variable units are the lip, the panel, and the rib. 
I can not regard the variety of the lip as critical. It expresses in all 
species alike a purpose subsisting from the hypothetical prototype, in 
which it served an indubitable structural end. The three varieties of lip 
correspond to the general facies of each species. In the club with rough 
panel the lip partakes of the tendency toward the expression of cylin- 
