EVOLUTION OF THE CLUB TYPES. 109 
deriving from New Caledonia, a region of extensive neolithic culture, 
appears in this collection merely as a wooden club, yet the same has 
been found in the mountains of that island in use as the shaft upon 
which are mounted stone heads of divers forms. Regarded as the 
shaft of a stone head this phalloid stick is very significant, for it is at 
once evident that if such a spherical and perforated disk as is here 
figured were slipped up the shaft to the shoulder at its distal end, and 
were then anchored, we should have the ring and knob as a structural 
detail of the shaft corresponding with the similar ornament in the two 
advanced ula species. In the Malekula club from the southern New 
Hebridean culture (fig. 20), we find a wooden implement in which the 
shaft exactly corresponds with the Baining palau, and the head shows 
highly specialized flanging of ovoid bosses separated by longitudinal 
walls. We shall return to this matter of flanging in the club-head. 
From New Guinea (probably from the Gulf of Papua and the south 
coast to the Louisiades) we have three stone-headed clubs (figs. 14, 
15, 16), which fall within acommon type. The heads are carved in one 
and two and three rows of knobbed or spiked units, at either end of 
which the stone continues as a more or less smoothly carved cylinder. 
The mounting of these heads is dissimilar from that used by the 
Baining. ‘The wooden shaft is far less carefully carved; at the distal 
end it is in fact merely roughly whittled, and the stone head might 
slip from end to end of the shaft, for there is no enlargement of the 
wood which might serve to hold it. Ata distance from the end of less 
than an inch a woven pattern is set closely about the shaft in leaf and 
fiber, extending downward 11, 13, and 14 inches respectively in the 
three pieces. Upon this somewhat compressible and resilient bed the 
stone head is set after the same manner as in seating the pick-axe. 
Without venturing upon a definite determination of the direction in 
which the head has been seated, there is ground for the opinion that 
in these three clubs the head has been seated in the reverse direction; 
that is to say, it has been passed over the head of the shaft in a down- 
ward direction as far as it has been possible by hand to shove it over 
the wrapping, and that then the seating has been completed by driving 
the haft upon solid rock. Of course it is recognized that this is dynam- 
ically improper; that the centrifugal force must tend to loosen the 
head; but in these specimens, after their long sojourn in museum 
keeping, where they have become desiccated in dry air, the heads are 
‘yet as firm as when driven home in the equatorial humidity of the place 
of their origin. ‘The club with the single row of spikes (fig. 16) engages 
in head-form with that wooden form from Malekula (fig. 20). In 
the development of this theory of club evolution from the stone head 
upon the wooden handle to the all-wooden metamorph, a most signi- 
ficant article of substantiating proof is found in figure 13. ‘This club, 
with six rows of bosses reproduces the type of figures 14 and 15 in the 
