EVOLUTION OF THE CLUB TYPES. 107 
wood of the shaft unite, the head loses its spherical curve and is carved 
in a shallow depression which suggests nothing so much as a saucer, 
and from this saucer the shaft arises. This is visible in Plate V, figure 
12 (2468), the same piece as is shown in Plate I, figure c. In this illus- 
tration 1s observed a very slight increase in the diameter of the shaft at 
the point of union with the head. The fact that this increase is slight 
and is not found in companion pieces leads us to lay aside this detail as 
not affecting the general problem; possibly it is influenced by the next 
higher species. Although these pieces are all carved in solid wood, 
each looks as if the handle had been driven into a hole drilled part way 
into the head for its reception. We find no stone-headed club in the 
neolithic culture of the Pacific which exactly carries out this suggestion, 
no piece in which a stone rubbed down to a more or less accurate 
sphere is pierced by the drill partially through its diameter. If we 
were to find such a stone thus partially perforated we could compre- 
hend how a shaft might be driven into the hole, chocked in place by 
subsidiary splints, and finally secured by the application of gum be- 
tween the shaft and the edges of the stone, which would take a conical 
form through the operation of grinding the perforation. Even though 
we lack this stone head, we feel justified in establishing it by extrapola- 
tion upon the series of data which we possess. Immediately following 
this hypothetical sphere of stone half-perforated comes the spherical 
stone completely perforated. The museum affords us an abundance 
of specimens of this advanced stage. In Plate V, figure 11, we have 
an excellent specimen of such a stone removed from its shaft and exhib- 
iting the stone made spherical by rubbing, the perforation along the 
diameter passing quite through the stone mass, the conical rim of the 
perforation which pairs with the similar depression on the other face 
to produce an hourglass section. In Plate V, figure 17, we show the 
other face of the same stone club-head, which still contains the gum 
which has filled the conical depression for the purpose of anchoring the 
head to the shaft, this gum being molded into form such as will com- 
plete the curve of the sphere up to the handle, as will be seen in figure 
18, a complete weapon of this type in which the head is so firmly at- 
tached to the shaft that it could not be removed without picking away 
the gum from the proximal face. The ornament inserted in the gum 
while still plastic consists of sections of the nassa shell, as in the two 
pieces figured, of human molars, or of both in combination. This row 
of ornament, which essentially consists of a series of plane faces, I 
regard as carried over into the wooden metamorph in the slight saucer- 
ing next the shaft in Plate V, figure 12. It has not been deemed nec- 
essary to disarticulate any of the clubs of the type figured in this con- 
nection, for I have had the opportunity to see the clubwright in the act 
of assembling them and have observed his use of small wedges driven 
sharply home from each face in order to make the joint tight before 
