106 CLUB TYPES OF NUCLEAR POLYNESIA. 
course to the settlement of Nuclear Polynesia. The Tongafiti Poly- 
nesians, all the Melanesians of whatever culture horizon, have weapons 
of stone; the Proto-Samoan population of intervening Nuclear Poly- 
nesia alone show this lack. In the prosecution of this particular 
inquiry I hope to establish my conviction that in the particular types 
mentioned we have wooden weapons which show the manufacture in 
the more readily workable material of forms which at some remote 
time, and perhaps place, of origin were more painfully worked in stone 
or other hard material possessing armament value. Wood is more 
readily worked than stone, yet the wood employed for weapon pur- 
poses, largely the very heavy and dense ironwood (Casuarina equiseti- 
folia), is practically indestructible, save by the accident of fire, as will 
be apparent when it is recalled how few are the occasions in the detailed 
description of the pieces when it has been necessary to comment upon 
any club as worn or broken. Despite the intimacy of daily acquaint- 
ance with these clubs, continued through many pleasant days, I 
myself can now recall in such memory in the list of breakages a pan- 
danus, a mushroom, a paddle, a talavalu, and a crescent, five in all, 
and of the five but one in which the breakage could seriously impair 
the value of the weapon. 
We postulate, therefore, that wood is appreciably more easy for the 
clubwright to work with his stone knife; that it is quite as durable 
within the circle of utility for the specific purpose of offense. 
In the inquiry upon which we now are to enter we shall look for the 
evidence that these are wood metamorphs upon stone to be presented 
to our view in three principal points: the shaft of the club at the head 
is to offer, either in its distal or in its proximal aspect, the proof that 
shait and head are distinct entities in theme; the head is to show trace- 
able resemblance to head-types which we can discover in stone in regions 
or upon culture planes with which it is demonstrable that Nuclear 
Polynesians have come into contact; the third important detail, one 
not always present but extremely significant when it does exist, is the 
carved band which engages with the head and some portion of the shaft. 
A fourth significant point, this restricted to the lipped clubs, is a dis- 
tinct edge. With these two postulates and with the attention directed 
upon these four critical points, we now take up each type of club in 
which we find metamorphism. 
The easiest of approach, because its form is the simplest, is the ula 
or missile club. Even in this simple type we have found three species 
set apart by the form in which the head is treated. The least com- 
plex species is that in which the head is merely a ball smoothed as much 
as the natural root-ball will permit. Of this type we have 5 pieces, 
2468, 2469, 2467, 3785 a, 3785. In each case we find the treatment of 
head for which we have adopted the formula ‘‘saucered at shaft.’’ In 
close approximation to the point where the wood of the head and the 
