DIMENSIONS AND STRUCTURAL DETAILS. 95 
advanced for purpose of ornament that we may omit them from the 
discussion. It does not lack significance that we find the maximum 
occurrence of this device in the u/la—clubs which are to be thrown 
with peculiar skill. The assistance which the saliva affords to the 
man who secretes it is matter of observation in the navvy’s grasp of 
his pick or in the spit-ball of baseball. I have already made mention 
of the moistening of the ball of the thumb in the throwing of the ula 
and have suggested its use in forming a pneumatic junction. The 
occurrence of this cupping in the billets in Tonga and Fiji can be 
nothing more than decoration, for these clubs are held as is a baseball- 
bat. We record the note that the cupped billets are not such as dis- 
play the flanging of the haft. 
A neat finish is given to certain clubs by the Rae ae of a flat 
cap carved with rounded edges extending beyond the shaft by as much 
as a quarter or a third of an inch. In addition to its effect as orna- 
ment, this cap thus projecting affords more security to the lower grip, 
where naturally the countereffect of impact is most manifest. 
In Samoa this cap occurs but once, in the single instance of the 
serrated club, which otherwise is regarded as distinctly a Fijian type. 
In Tonga its single occurrence is in a rootstock, likewise a Fijian type. 
The two Tongan instances found upon crescent clubs may perhaps 
derive from the Fijian caps, but they have gone a long way in progress. 
These caps are very carefully squared; in 3186 d the square is set in 
such wise that a diagonal lies in the plane of the blade, in 2263 the 
edges are thus set. In Fiji, where this addition is found on very nearly 
a quarter of the clubs, its use is restricted to the lipped, the pandanus, 
and the serrated clubs; a solitary instance occurs in a carinated club 
which itself is the solitary occurrence of this Samoan type. . 
In the next compartment of table 44 we find two elements. In the 
section above the diagonal lines note is made of a similar knob with 
sharply distinct edges next the shaft of the same width, as in the case 
of the cap and a highly domed form carved thereupon; in the section 
below the diagonals a domed finish of the end, but without the marginal 
projecting edge. Of the latter finish we observe a single instance in 
Samoa, a single instance in Rotuma, and 6 in Tonga, of which only 
one occurs in a type of club, the billet, common to Tonga and Fiji, 
yet the billet is the only club in which we find this finish in Fiji, to 
the number of 6 instances. The domed cap is found only in the Fijian 
- weapons—g of the lipped clubs, 1 of the pandanus, and 4 of the ser- 
rated—that is to say, in about half of the lipped and serrated type 
and in but 1 out of 8 pandanus. 
The next element of the end of the shaft is the very important unit 
of the lug perforated so that the piece may be suspended by a becket 
of sennit. This may lie in the plane of the blade or vertical thereto, 
and we find a single instance in the Samoan ftalavalu 2275, where the 
