TYPES OF THE CLUBS. 39 
PANDANUS TYPE (TOTOKIA). 
Plates II, d; VI, d, e, f. Provenience: Fiji. 
Thus far the study has been addressed upon club types for the most 
part worked out from the sapling and the roots nearest to its base. In 
the next three types there is a group of clubs marked by a curve more 
or less sharp. Personal observation confirms in this case the theoreti- 
cal conclusion toward which inspection of museum specimens must 
direct one; the timber source of all these clubs is that in which the curve 
can be found ready to hand, namely, the limb of the tree at the crotch, 
together with so much of the trunk as may be needed for the head. 
Accordingly, the angle of the curve is largely conditioned by the habit 
of growth of the tree. It must be held in mind that the work of the 
clubwright is no easy task with his poor appliances; he is alert to recog- 
nize any assistance which nature may give him, and by taking advan- 
tage of every such little help to save himself the rough work of getting 
out his timber and blocking out his pattern. 
Commonly in books upon the Fijian Archipelago and in reports upon 
museum collections there is applied to this club a misnomer, the pine- 
apple club. ‘There is no reason in the least to imagine a change in the 
types of clubs since the discovery of the islands; in fact, the very first 
acquisition from the whalers and adventurers of the South Sea was to 
place the musket in the hands of the Fijian, and with the coming of 
fire-arms the day of the wooden arm went into its twilight. This 
knobbed and spiked club undoubtedly long antedates the voyage of 
Abel Jansen Tasman, who discovered the archipelago; yet the pine- 
apple is not indigenous to the islands, it owes its introduction to the 
missionaries no earlier than the latter half of the nineteenth century. 
The resemblance of the knob to the fruit of the pine is very slight; it is 
much greater to the dried fruit-cluster of the pandanus, and by the 
name of that fruit (mbalawa) the knob is commonly described by the 
Fijians. Assimilation to the pineapple would be meaningless to the 
Fijian, yet he would and did find a pleasing character in its association 
with the pandanus. In at least three grave-cairns I have found this 
club buried with the body and accompanied by a tooth of the cachalot 
(tambua) tied about the wrist. Upon the Fijian road to his hereafter 
in Burotu the soul makes perilous passage through the misty moun- 
tains of Na Kauvandra. ‘To win from death to the pleasures of undy- 
ing life his soul must fight numberless enemies. His pandanus club 
has also a fighting soul and enables him perchance to overcome the 
shadowy foe by reason of the mana which the pandanus confers. After 
all this fighting his greatest trial lies at a gorge crossed by a single 
pendulous liana, over which he must walk while all the spirits of evil 
gibber and yell to destroy his courage while they shake the cord to pre- 
vent his crossing. At the further lip of the gorge stands a pandanus 
