8 CLUB TYPES OF NUCLEAR POLYNESIA. 
adjacent trunk is in use for the clubs which exhibit a curve at the head, 
such as the pandanus and certain of the lipped clubs. Stout saplings 
with the immediately adjacent root are in use for the missile and 
rootstock types. For all clubs in which the width is markedly greater 
than the thickness it is necessary to get out boards from the trunk, 
this being accomplished by working the lumber down to a plane of 
satisfactory width and then by riving off a board by the use of the 
stone wedge. ‘This accounts for the clubs of the serrated, the mush- 
room, the axe-bit, the 1zfo‘ot1, the paddle, and the carinated types, as 
well as certain of the coconut-stalk and lipped types more conveniently 
worked in that form. 
The tools of the clubwright are fire with which to char the wood, 
the stone axe toki with which to chop away the charred wood, a series 
of smaller adzes of varying sizes with which to complete the shaping 
when the final form is so nearly approximated as to preclude the use 
of fire, rasps made of the skin of the skate stretched green over a chip 
and permitted to contract on drying into a fixture, the stone wedge 
tina for riving plank, a nullipore ‘ava used as a pumice stone for the 
final polish. These serve to shape and finish the club. For the orna- 
ment, which is a later process and which may extend over years during 
which the implement is in use, the principal tool of incision is the tooth 
of the shark in the absence of any rock which will take and hold a 
fine point without splintering. The shark’s tooth is peculiarly sharp, 
but soon blunts after the first few cuts and is discarded for a fresh one, 
the supply being limitless. In many pieces it is readily possible in 
the marks of the cutting in the incisions to distinguish between ancient 
work and that which has been made since the introduction of iron by 
Europeans. 
Before entering upon the consideration of the cudgel-play or school 
of arms of the club, it will be found convenient to record the terms in 
the several languages relative to the club in its various forms. ‘The 
record in each case is brief; the slim vocabularies which we possess 
from the languages of the region are the work of missionaries who 
found little to interest them, probably something to disquiet them, in 
the weapons which might be used in opposition to the introduction of 
the new culture. So infrequent has been the attempt to describe the 
clubs that it has been found advisable in this record to set by themselves 
such words as are defined by our authorities merely with the words 
Wa Cuibes 
